Sunday, 21 August 2016

International FM DXing: North Korea FM radio jamming in South Korea

In Seoul, and Korea Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), there has some North Korea FM radio can be received there, transmitted from Kaesong and Hanju of North Korea.

Currently South Korea is jamming North Korea FM radio signal in South Korea territories.

- 92.5MHz: KCBS Pyongyang FM Pangsong from Kaesong is jammed by South Korea with beep signal.
- 97.8MHz: KCBS Pyongyang FM Pangsong from Kaesong is jammed by South Korea Jayu FM Bangsong from Cheorwon of Gangwon province FM 97.7MHz
- 103.7MHz: KCBS Pyongyang FM  Chosun Jungang Pangsong from Haeju is jammed by South Korea Military Jammer from Namsan, Seoul
- 102.3MHz KCBS Pyongyang FM  Chosun Jungang Pangsong from Kaesong


North Korea FM 103.7MHz is also jammed by SBS Love FM 103.5MHz from Seoul in Korean DMZ and Seoul metropolitan area, FM 103.5MHz by SBS Love FM is occupied with 10kW power.

In my opinion, South Korea still can jam North Korea signal by adding more FM stations in South Korea. Such as:

- FM 102.1MHz and FM 102.5MHz low power transmitters within Korean DMZ areas
- FM 92.5MHz in Seoul Korea with 10kW power to jam North Korea signal
- FM 103.8MHz low power transmitters within Korean DMZ areas

Jamming North Korea FM signal is not only done by playing beep sound, it can be done by launching commercial relay station, even can increase power of existing transmitter to jam North Korea signal.

==EBS Gyoyuk Bangsong parameter==
Frequency: FM 102.3MHz
Power: 10kW (suggested power)
Transmitting location: Weonhyobong (ccg)

==MBC Munhwa Bangsong==
Frequency: FM 92.3MHz
Power: 10kW
Transmitting location: Chuncheon/Daeryongsan (gan)

With increasing power of existing South Korea radio stations, the North Korea radio stations will face heavy co-channel interference within South Korea areas. So, listeners won't be able to receive North Korea stations there.
 
 




Sunday, 14 August 2016

If Astro acquires Red FM and Capital FM from Star, what will the radio station become?







There is many speculation of Astro Radio Sdn Bhd had interest to acquire Red FM and Capital FM.

Red FM and Capital FM currently play non-stop music after ceased operations since 1st January 2016.

Unofficial news stated that Astro has interest to acquire Red FM and Capital FM from The Star, but acquisition dealing costs RM20millions.

Astro currently operates few satellite only radio stations such as:

- Gold (formerly was Golden Oldies and Nostalgia)
- Jazz
- India Best
- Osai
- Kenyalang
- Bayu

Astro already has its three retro radio stations in three different languages (Chinese, Malay and English), but so far no Tamil retro radio station yet.

THR Raaga is Tamil radio station like Mix FM, My FM, Era FM and Hitz FM.



In my opinion, Astro can transform Red FM and Capital FM to Osai FM, become Malaysia first Tamil retro station if acquisition is done. In addition, imagine if Astro launch Osai FM, it can compete with Minnal FM.

Minnal FM from RTM can face stiff competition from THR Raaga and Osai FM.

==Capital FM history==

Capital FM 1.0 was from 2008 till November 2011, it was independent radio station.

Capital FM 2.0 was from December 2011 till January 2016, it was acquired by Star Radio in May 2011.

Capital FM 3.0?? Acquired by Astro, then become Osai FM?

- ISY Holdings, which is the company of Capital FM will get more stable if join Astro, but sadly to hear that Malaysia loss two English radio.

Osai FM currently broadcasts only via Astro CH866 and online.

Here is the frequencies list of Osai FM if Astro acquires Red FM and Capital FM.

- 104.9MHz: Gunung Ulu Kali for Klang Valley, West Pahang and South Perak
- 98.9MHz: Gunung Ledang for Melaka and North Johor
- 92.8MHz: Gunung Pulai for South Johor and Singapore
- 106.4MHz: Gunung Kledang for Ipoh
- 107.5MHz: Bukit Larut for Taiping (ex: 107.6MHz Bukit Penara)
- 98.1MHz: Gunung Jerai for Kedah, Perlis and Penang
- 89.1MHz: Gunung Telapak Burok for Negeri Sembilan (ex: 88.9MHz Gunung Ulu Kali) 

Back to 2009, Red FM already closed down its two frequencies. There are 98.2MHz Bukit Larut for Taiping, then 106.0MHz Gn Telapak Burok for Negeri Sembilan.

In my opinion, I don't think Astro will reuse FM 106.0MHz again for Osai FM in Negeri Sembilan, despite Astro acquires Capital FM 88.9 too. If 106.0MHz is reoccupied by Osai FM, 88.9MHz is nothing again.

The suitable way is modifying Capital FM 88.9MHz parameters like this:

- Frequency: 89.1MHz
- Transmitting location: Gunung Telapak Burok
- Conclusion: 88.9MHz will be blanked in Klang Valley and South Perak, but 88.8MHz can be occupied in Gunung Kledang Ipoh.

Another site is in Taiping, Osai FM can modify Capital FM 107.6MHz parameter like below here:

- Frequency: 107.5MHz
- Transmitting location: Bukit Larut

If 107.5MHz is occupied by Osai FM in Bukit Larut, Minnal FM Bukit Dedap frequency must be changed to 107.7MHz to avoid interference.

For frequency expansion, I may not think ARSB will expand Osai FM broadcast coverage in Kelantan, Terengganu and East Malaysia as no commercial value there, like what THR Raaga did. THR Raaga doesn't reach Kelantan, Terengganu, Kuantan and East Malaysia too.

Last time Astro another Chinese radio station (not My FM), Melody did not air on FM radio. Until July 2012, Melody FM broadcasted through FM radio by taking over XFM/Xfresh FM slots, Xfresh lost its revenue due to low listeners gained. In addition, Xfresh music genre is closed to Era FM, just different things. Era FM is more to mainstream, Xfresh is more to indie music.

Will Osai FM go on FM broadcast in the future? Will this happen? We don't know yet, but we need to get official news from ARSB.

Talk about the acquisition of Copyright Laureate Sdn Bhd by Media Prima, there is the formula.

==Media Prima==
Ultra FM (Klang Valley) + Pi Mai FM (Penang) = Kool FM (Malay retro station by Media Prima)

Astro acquisition on Red FM and Capital FM also can be the same way too.

==Astro Radio==
Red FM + Capital FM = Osai FM (Tamil retro station by Astro)

PS: If Astro acquire Red FM and Capital FM, I will hear Tamil old songs on FM 104.9MHz in Kuala Lumpur.



Red FM and Capital FM will be acquired by Astro Radio Sdn Bhd??

On December 2015, Star Media Group announced that Red FM and Capital FM would be the last day of broadcasting on 31st December 2015 due to these two stations lost the revenue.

31st of  December 2015, also the last day of 2015. I was listening to Red FM, from lunch hours, and back to home. My car radio stuck to FM 104.9MHz, even I tuned to 104.9Mhz until midnight. That time was the last day of Red FM. When it came to the corner, around 11.59pm, the station was nearly off air.

I did not turn off the radio when it came to 2359 hours, but I continued to listen to Red FM until 12.30 am, which was on 1st January 2016. Red FM and Capital FM started to play non-stop music (automation mode) from 1st January 2016, but Capital FM was earlier to start automation mode than Red FM.

Both radio stations have no any DJs, but only kept airing only news and traffic updates, even some advertisement.

Many people speculated that Red FM and Capital FM will not be sold off, but performed rebranding exercise. During these 8 months, I monitored these two stations occasionally and intermittently, although I listened to BFM 89.9.

None of any new updates from these radio stations yet until today.

Initially I believed only that Capital FM would be sold out and Red FM will be remained, but all speculation are false. I was told that Red FM and Capital FM studio equipment were being sold out, this gave me the hint that these two stations will be definitely sold out.

Talk about BFM 89.9... BFM 89.9 is seeking for Penang frequency, I was involved as volunteer. That time I had suggested BFM 89.9 to buy the frequency from Capital FM, which was 107.6MHz, but BFM 89.9 told me that Star did not decide to sell to them, and the amount of this acquisition costed about RM20Millions.

BFM launch Penang frequency..

- Acquired frequency from Capital FM 107.6
- Launch brand new transmitter in Bukit Tokun on FM 103.0MHz

Both I suggested, but in terms of costs, launching in Bukit Tokun 103.0MHz is cheaper than acquiring frequency from Capital FM.

Few weeks ago, I met a staff from The Star (not to mention the person name due to sensitivity) and we talked about Red FM and Capital FM. She stated that currently Star is seeking buyers to buy over these two radio stations, but during these eight months, currently nobody buys the stations as the acquisition costs are very expensive enough. It's RM 20Millions, this is definitely not a joke. RM20Millions cash can buy many things, at least can buy about 15 units of Maserati or Ferrari. 

Last few months, I also received the rumors about Media Prima will take over Red FM frequencies for Kool FM, but I did not see actions from Media Prima to buy Red FM.

Another rumors stated that Red FM and Capital FM will be sold to Astro Radio, but it is unofficial yet.

Astro Radio currently operated nine FM radio stations nationwide, there are:

- Hitz FM (English; target younger listeners)
- Mix FM (English; 1990s-beyond and target urban listeners)
- Lite FM (English; easy listening and classic hits)
- My FM (Chinese; Adult contemporary)
- Melody FM (Chinese; classic hits from 1970s-80s-90s and some 2000s)
- ERA FM (Malay; adult contemporary)
- Sinar FM (Malay; classic hits)
- THR Raaga (Tamil)
- THR Gegar (Malay East Coast)

If Red FM and Capital FM joins Astro Radio, what will be happened? Let's speculate

1. Could THR.FM be disbanded, THR Raaga and Gegar operate independently under Astro?
- Because of license condition, THR Raaga currently is unable to launch in Kuantan, then THR Gegar is unable to launch in West Coast

2. THR Gegar use Red FM frequencies in West Coast, then THR Raaga use Red FM Kuantan frequency

3. Can it become possible that Astro launch a brand new Tamil radio station, which target serious and mature Tamil listeners like Lite FM, Sinar FM and Melody FM?

4. Could Astro relaunch Xfresh again, which was closed down on 9th July 2012?

5. Could Astro launch sports news radio on Red FM frequencies?

If THR FM takes over the frequency from Red FM and Capital FM, it can be happened like this below:

== THR Raaga==
- 99.3MHz: Klang Valley and Penang
- 102.1MHz: Taiping
- 97.9MHz: Ipoh
- 101.5MHz: Negeri Sembilan
- 103.7MHz: Johor Bahru
- 102.4MHz: Kedah, Perlis
- 101.9MHz: Langkawi
- 99.7MHz: Melaka
- 91.6MHz: Kuantan  (from Red FM)

==THR Gegar==
- 88.8MHz: Kuantan
- 88.1MHz: Kota Bharu
- 106.8MHz: Kuala Terengganu
- 104.9MHz: Klang Valley
- 89.1MHz: Seremban (change the frequency of Capital FM 88.9 and shift to Gunung Telapak Burok; 88.9MHz will be empty in Klang Valley)
- 98.9MHz: Melaka
- 92.8MHz: Johor Bahru 
- 98.1MHz: Kedah, Perlis, Penang 
- 106.4MHz: Ipoh
- 107.5MHz: Taiping (modify the frequency of Capital FM 107.6 and shift to Bukit Larut) 

Or a brand new Tamil classic radio station by these frequencies?

==New Tamil classic radio station/OSAI FM==
- 104.9MHz: Klang Valley
- 89.1MHz: Seremban (change the frequency of Capital FM 88.9 and shift to Gunung Telapak Burok; 88.9MHz will be empty in Klang Valley)
- 98.9MHz: Melaka
- 92.8MHz: Johor Bahru 
- 98.1MHz: Kedah, Perlis, Penang 
- 106.4MHz: Ipoh
- 107.5MHz: Taiping (modify the frequency of Capital FM 107.6 and shift to Bukit Larut) 
- 91.6MHz: Kuantan

Anyway these speculations are unofficial and not accurate at all, what we need is the official statement from Astro and Star Media Group.





Sunday, 7 August 2016

List of DVB-T2 channels in Southern Thailand where can be received in Malaysia


























Malaysia can receive these digital TV from Thailand.

- Baling, Sik, Pengkalan Hulu, Gerik: from Betong
- Alor Setar, Kangar, Langkawi, Bukit Kayu Hitam, Jitra: from Satun and Songkhla
- Kota Bharu: from Narathiwat
- East Kedah: from Yala.

Penang can try to receive from Yala or Betong

Frequencies lists are above.

FM 95.5MHz frequency analysis in East Kedah and Yala Thailand

FM 95.5MHz parameters

Power: 1kW
Tested site:
- Bukit Palong Kedah
- Bannang Sata Yala
- Betong Yala Thailand
- Narathiwat Thailand

RF analysis of FM 95.5MHz

1. Bukit Palong Kedah
- 95.5MHz: Bukit Palong
- 95.7MHz: Bukit Penara
Status: 200kHz, OK

- 95.4MHz: Gerik
- 95.5MHz: Bukit Palong
Status: 100kHz, NOT OK

- 95.5MHz: Bukit Palong
- 95.5MHz: Satun
Status: 0kHz, OK

2. Betong Thailand
 Analysis same as FM 95.5MHz Bukit Palong Kedah 

3. Yala Thailand
- 95.5MHz: Yala
- 95.7MHz: Bukit Penara
Status: 200kHz, OK

- 95.4MHz: Gerik
- 95.5MHz: Yala
Status: 100kHz, NOT OK

- 95.5MHz: Yala
- 95.5MHz: Bukit Bakar
Status: 0kHz, NOT OK

4. Narathiwat Thailand & Sg Kolok Thailand 
Same result with FM 95.5MHz Yala

Conclusion: FM 95.5MHz cannot be used in Bukit Palong, Yala (Bannang Sata), Betong and Narathiwat.

Recommended frequencies:

- FM 95.75MHz: Yala

FM 93.75MHz Betong Thailand analysis

93.75MHz Yala: Interference
93.75MHz Betong: OK

==Parameter of Betong FM==
Frequency: FM 93.75MHz (use Thailand radio two decimal frequency format)
Power: 1kW
Transmitting location: Betong Thailand
GPS: 05°45'44''N 101°04'04''E

RF analysis of FM 93.75MHz Betong

- 93.75MHz: Betong
- 93.9MHz: Gunung Jerai
Spacing: 150kHz
Actual minimum spacing: 200kHz

- 93.75MHz: Betong
- 93.8MHz: Bukit Panau
Spacing: 50kHz
Actual minimum spacing: 200kHz


For transmission power, maximum is 1kW, but 0.75kW is better and safer to be used.

RF Analysis: FM 94.0MHz in Southern Thailand East Coast

FM 94.0MHz is empty frequency in 3 Southern Thailand provinces such as Narathiwat, Pattani and Yala, but occupied in Songkhla Hat Yai and Satun.


RF analysis of FM 94.0MHz

1. Yala

94.0MHz: Yala (Bannang Sata)
94.25MHz: Yala (Bannang Sata)
Result: NOT OK

93.9MHz: Gn Jerai
94.0MHz: Yala (Bannang Sata)
Result: 100kHz, OK

93.8MHz: Bkt Panau
94.0Mhz: Yala (Bannang Sata)
Result: 200kHz, small interference

2. Narathiwat

94.0MHz: Narathiwat
94.25MHz: Yala (Bannang Sata)
Result: OK

93.9MHz: Gn Jerai
94.0MHz: Narathiwat
Result: 100kHz, OK

93.8MHz: Bkt Panau
94.0Mhz: Narathiwat
Result: 200kHz, NOT OK

3. Pattani

94.0MHz: Pattani
94.25MHz: Yala (Bannang Sata)
Result: OK

93.9MHz: Gn Jerai
94.0MHz: Pattani
Result: 100kHz, OK

93.8MHz: Bkt Panau
94.0Mhz: Pattani
Result: 200kHz, OK

94.0MHz: Pattani
94.0MHz: Hat Yai
Result: NOT OK

4. Sungai Kolok/Sg Padi (same result with Narathiwat)

Conclusion: FM 94.0MHz only can be used by community radio station in Narathiwat and Pattani, but power must not be more than 500W.

 

Wednesday, 3 August 2016

After IKIM FM 89.0MHz transmitted from Upper Jerai, what will happen to Thailand radio station?

Before June 2016, Malaysia Islamic radio station, IKIM FM Kedah-Penang-Perlis frequency was heavily interfered by Thailand Parliament Channel 89.0MHz from Yala Thailand in Kedah and Penang, even some areas in Penang got Thailand station on 89.0MHz.

In April 2016, I got some breaking news from MCMC spectrum people, stated that IKIM FM 89.0MHz will be transmitted from Upper Jerai, effective since June 2016. At the same time, I did not forget to mention about affected Thailand radio station in Yala to them.

MCMC told me that they'll study about affected Thailand radio during JTC and Special Task Force with Thailand NBTC.

In my opinion, after IKIM FM 89.0MHz is transmitted from Upper Jerai, most of Penang and North Perak areas can receive clearly. Formerly Betong and Pengkalan Hulu Perak can get Thailand radio station on 89.0MHz, now the station is overlapped by IKIM FM, even some Yala and Pattani areas within broadcast coverage of 89.0MHz will be interfered by IKIM FM.

What are the solution?

1. Add another relay transmitter in Betong Thailand
- My comment: I don't think Thailand Parliament Channel will add transmitter in Betong Thailand because of no commercial value. In addition, Betong is a small town in Yala. For the radio coverage, Betong is same as RTM Gerik and Bukit Palong, cover the areas within 25-30km only.

2. Change the existing frequency 89.0MHz
- This can directly to solve the interference, but pay with high costs because to change the transmission equipment completely.

In 2014 and 2015, I had suggested several vacant frequencies for this station in Yala. There are 87.5MHz, and 105.5MHz.

I had studied these two frequencies, basically they can be used, but at last I found "not OK" because interference to Narathiwat local community radio stations. FM 87.5MHz and FM 105.5MHz are also used within Narathiwat province.

Recently I studied a new frequency which may be suitable to be used in Yala, there is FM 95.75MHz.

This frequency looks good actually. It is "interference free" frequency. Look at the analysis

1. FM 95.7MHz Yala vs. RTM Radio Klasik Bukit Bakar 95.5MHz
Spacing: 250kHz, OK

2. FM 95.75MHz Yala vs. RTM Nasional FM Gerik 95.4MHz
Spacing: 350kHz, OK

3. FM 95.75MHz Yala vs. RTM Mutiara FM Bukit Penara 95.7MHz
Spacing: 50kHz, OK
Note: Bukit Penara is excluded from international coordination.

In conclusion, Thailand Parliament radio station can change its Yala frequency to FM 95.75MHz.

==Suggested parameters of Thai Parliament Channel Yala frequency==
Frequency: FM 95.75MHz
Power: 2kW
Transmitting location: Khao Pokyo, Bannang Sata, Yala, Thailand
Coordination: 06°20'10''N 101°23'26''E

If 95.75MHz is occupied in Yala, Mutiara FM Bukit Penara 95.7MHz will be interfered in Central and East Kedah, but it is ok because these areas are not coverage of 95.75Mhz Yala.


RF Analysis: Thailand (Yala) vs. Malaysia

In Yala Thailand, there is many radio stations. For public radio stations, their transmitter sites are located in a hill between Yala and Narathiwat border.



For empty frequencies, 93.75MHz and 95.75MHz can be nominated.

1. FM 93.75MHz Yala
- vs. Bukit Panau= 50kHz, NOT OK
- vs. Bukit Larut= 150kHz, OK
- vs. Gunung Jerai= 150kHz, OK
- vs. Pattani= 250kHz, OK
- vs. Satun= 0kHz, OK

2. FM 95.75MHz Yala
- vs. Gerik= 350kHz, OK
- vs. Bukit Penara= 50kHz, OK
- vs. Satun= 250kHz, OK
- vs. Bukit Bakar= 250kHz, OK

3. FM 93.75MHz Betong
- vs. Bukit Panau= 50kHz,  OK
- vs. Bukit Larut= 150kHz, OK
- vs. Gunung Jerai= 150kHz, OK




Among all Yala vacant frequencies with exclusion of existing vacant frequencies which are discussed between MCMC and NBTC in 2011, 95.75MHz is one of best frequency in Yala.





Tuesday, 2 August 2016

List of interference Malaysia and Thailand analogue TV stations within international coordination

Here are the list of interference analogue TV stations between Malaysia-Thailand-Singapore.

1. TV3 and MediaCorp Suria
- TV3: CH12 Gunung Ledang
- MediaCorp Suria: CH12 Bukit Batok
Affected areas: Central Johor
Alternative frequencies:
- TV3 CH30 Gunung Pulai

2. RTM TV1 and Thai PBS
- TV1: CH27 Padang Pauh
- Thai PBS: CH27 Satun
Affected areas: Perlis, North Kedah
Alternative frequencies:
- TV1 CH35 Gunung Raya
- Thai PBS CH34 Songkhla

3. RTM TV2 and Channel 3 Thailand
- TV2: CH11 Gunung Jerai
- Channel 3 Thailand: CH11 Satun
Affected areas: North Kedah
Alternative frequencies:
- TV2 CH39 Gunung Raya
- Channel 3 Thailand CH38 Songkhla

4. RTM TV1 and Mediacorp Channel U
- TV1: CH28 Gunung Ledang
- Channel U: CH28 Bukit Batok
Affected areas: Central Johor
Alternative frequencies:
- TV1 CH55 Gunung Pulai

5. NTV7 and Thai PBS
- NTV7: CH37 Gunung Jerai
- Thai PBS: CH37 Yala
Affected areas: Kedah
Alternative frequencies:
- Thai PBS CH34 Songkhla