International FM DXing: North Korea FM radio jamming in South Korea

In Seoul, and Korea Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), there has some North Korea FM radio can be received there, transmitted from Kaesong and Hanju of North Korea.

Currently South Korea is jamming North Korea FM radio signal in South Korea territories.

- 92.5MHz: KCBS Pyongyang FM Pangsong from Kaesong is jammed by South Korea with beep signal.
- 97.8MHz: KCBS Pyongyang FM Pangsong from Kaesong is jammed by South Korea Jayu FM Bangsong from Cheorwon of Gangwon province FM 97.7MHz
- 103.7MHz: KCBS Pyongyang FM  Chosun Jungang Pangsong from Haeju is jammed by South Korea Military Jammer from Namsan, Seoul
- 102.3MHz KCBS Pyongyang FM  Chosun Jungang Pangsong from Kaesong


North Korea FM 103.7MHz is also jammed by SBS Love FM 103.5MHz from Seoul in Korean DMZ and Seoul metropolitan area, FM 103.5MHz by SBS Love FM is occupied with 10kW power.

In my opinion, South Korea still can jam North Korea signal by adding more FM stations in South Korea. Such as:

- FM 102.1MHz and FM 102.5MHz low power transmitters within Korean DMZ areas
- FM 92.5MHz in Seoul Korea with 10kW power to jam North Korea signal
- FM 103.8MHz low power transmitters within Korean DMZ areas

Jamming North Korea FM signal is not only done by playing beep sound, it can be done by launching commercial relay station, even can increase power of existing transmitter to jam North Korea signal.

==EBS Gyoyuk Bangsong parameter==
Frequency: FM 102.3MHz
Power: 10kW (suggested power)
Transmitting location: Weonhyobong (ccg)

==MBC Munhwa Bangsong==
Frequency: FM 92.3MHz
Power: 10kW
Transmitting location: Chuncheon/Daeryongsan (gan)

With increasing power of existing South Korea radio stations, the North Korea radio stations will face heavy co-channel interference within South Korea areas. So, listeners won't be able to receive North Korea stations there.
 
 

If Astro acquires Red FM and Capital FM from Star, what will the radio station become?

There is many speculation of Astro Radio Sdn Bhd had interest to acquire Red FM and Capital FM.

Red FM and Capital FM currently play non-stop music after ceased operations since 1st January 2016.

Unofficial news stated that Astro has interest to acquire Red FM and Capital FM from The Star, but acquisition dealing costs RM20millions.

Astro currently operates few satellite only radio stations such as:

- Gold (formerly was Golden Oldies and Nostalgia)
- Jazz
- India Best
- Osai
- Kenyalang
- Bayu

Astro already has its three retro radio stations in three different languages (Chinese, Malay and English), but so far no Tamil retro radio station yet.

THR Raaga is Tamil radio station like Mix FM, My FM, Era FM and Hitz FM.

In my opinion, Astro can transform Red FM and Capital FM to Osai FM, become Malaysia first Tamil retro station if acquisition is done. In addition, imagine if Astro launch Osai FM, it can compete with Minnal FM.

Minnal FM from RTM can face stiff competition from THR Raaga and Osai FM.

==Capital FM history==

Capital FM 1.0 was from 2008 till November 2011, it was independent radio station.

Capital FM 2.0 was from December 2011 till January 2016, it was acquired by Star Radio in May 2011.

Capital FM 3.0?? Acquired by Astro, then become Osai FM?

- ISY Holdings, which is the company of Capital FM will get more stable if join Astro, but sadly to hear that Malaysia loss two English radio.

Osai FM currently broadcasts only via Astro CH866 and online.

Here is the frequencies list of Osai FM if Astro acquires Red FM and Capital FM.

- 104.9MHz: Gunung Ulu Kali for Klang Valley, West Pahang and South Perak
- 98.9MHz: Gunung Ledang for Melaka and North Johor
- 92.8MHz: Gunung Pulai for South Johor and Singapore
- 106.4MHz: Gunung Kledang for Ipoh
- 107.5MHz: Bukit Larut for Taiping (ex: 107.6MHz Bukit Penara)
- 98.1MHz: Gunung Jerai for Kedah, Perlis and Penang
- 89.1MHz: Gunung Telapak Burok for Negeri Sembilan (ex: 88.9MHz Gunung Ulu Kali) 

Back to 2009, Red FM already closed down its two frequencies. There are 98.2MHz Bukit Larut for Taiping, then 106.0MHz Gn Telapak Burok for Negeri Sembilan.

In my opinion, I don't think Astro will reuse FM 106.0MHz again for Osai FM in Negeri Sembilan, despite Astro acquires Capital FM 88.9 too. If 106.0MHz is reoccupied by Osai FM, 88.9MHz is nothing again.

The suitable way is modifying Capital FM 88.9MHz parameters like this:

- Frequency: 89.1MHz
- Transmitting location: Gunung Telapak Burok
- Conclusion: 88.9MHz will be blanked in Klang Valley and South Perak, but 88.8MHz can be occupied in Gunung Kledang Ipoh.

Another site is in Taiping, Osai FM can modify Capital FM 107.6MHz parameter like below here:

- Frequency: 107.5MHz
- Transmitting location: Bukit Larut

If 107.5MHz is occupied by Osai FM in Bukit Larut, Minnal FM Bukit Dedap frequency must be changed to 107.7MHz to avoid interference.

For frequency expansion, I may not think ARSB will expand Osai FM broadcast coverage in Kelantan, Terengganu and East Malaysia as no commercial value there, like what THR Raaga did. THR Raaga doesn't reach Kelantan, Terengganu, Kuantan and East Malaysia too.

Last time Astro another Chinese radio station (not My FM), Melody did not air on FM radio. Until July 2012, Melody FM broadcasted through FM radio by taking over XFM/Xfresh FM slots, Xfresh lost its revenue due to low listeners gained. In addition, Xfresh music genre is closed to Era FM, just different things. Era FM is more to mainstream, Xfresh is more to indie music.

Will Osai FM go on FM broadcast in the future? Will this happen? We don't know yet, but we need to get official news from ARSB.

Talk about the acquisition of Copyright Laureate Sdn Bhd by Media Prima, there is the formula.

==Media Prima==
Ultra FM (Klang Valley) + Pi Mai FM (Penang) = Kool FM (Malay retro station by Media Prima)

Astro acquisition on Red FM and Capital FM also can be the same way too.

==Astro Radio==
Red FM + Capital FM = Osai FM (Tamil retro station by Astro)

PS: If Astro acquire Red FM and Capital FM, I will hear Tamil old songs on FM 104.9MHz in Kuala Lumpur.

Red FM and Capital FM will be acquired by Astro Radio Sdn Bhd??

On December 2015, Star Media Group announced that Red FM and Capital FM would be the last day of broadcasting on 31st December 2015 due to these two stations lost the revenue.

31st of  December 2015, also the last day of 2015. I was listening to Red FM, from lunch hours, and back to home. My car radio stuck to FM 104.9MHz, even I tuned to 104.9Mhz until midnight. That time was the last day of Red FM. When it came to the corner, around 11.59pm, the station was nearly off air.

I did not turn off the radio when it came to 2359 hours, but I continued to listen to Red FM until 12.30 am, which was on 1st January 2016. Red FM and Capital FM started to play non-stop music (automation mode) from 1st January 2016, but Capital FM was earlier to start automation mode than Red FM.

Both radio stations have no any DJs, but only kept airing only news and traffic updates, even some advertisement.

Many people speculated that Red FM and Capital FM will not be sold off, but performed rebranding exercise. During these 8 months, I monitored these two stations occasionally and intermittently, although I listened to BFM 89.9.

None of any new updates from these radio stations yet until today.

Initially I believed only that Capital FM would be sold out and Red FM will be remained, but all speculation are false. I was told that Red FM and Capital FM studio equipment were being sold out, this gave me the hint that these two stations will be definitely sold out.

Talk about BFM 89.9... BFM 89.9 is seeking for Penang frequency, I was involved as volunteer. That time I had suggested BFM 89.9 to buy the frequency from Capital FM, which was 107.6MHz, but BFM 89.9 told me that Star did not decide to sell to them, and the amount of this acquisition costed about RM20Millions.

BFM launch Penang frequency..

- Acquired frequency from Capital FM 107.6
- Launch brand new transmitter in Bukit Tokun on FM 103.0MHz

Both I suggested, but in terms of costs, launching in Bukit Tokun 103.0MHz is cheaper than acquiring frequency from Capital FM.

Few weeks ago, I met a staff from The Star (not to mention the person name due to sensitivity) and we talked about Red FM and Capital FM. She stated that currently Star is seeking buyers to buy over these two radio stations, but during these eight months, currently nobody buys the stations as the acquisition costs are very expensive enough. It's RM 20Millions, this is definitely not a joke. RM20Millions cash can buy many things, at least can buy about 15 units of Maserati or Ferrari. 

Last few months, I also received the rumors about Media Prima will take over Red FM frequencies for Kool FM, but I did not see actions from Media Prima to buy Red FM.

Another rumors stated that Red FM and Capital FM will be sold to Astro Radio, but it is unofficial yet.

Astro Radio currently operated nine FM radio stations nationwide, there are:

- Hitz FM (English; target younger listeners)
- Mix FM (English; 1990s-beyond and target urban listeners)
- Lite FM (English; easy listening and classic hits)
- My FM (Chinese; Adult contemporary)
- Melody FM (Chinese; classic hits from 1970s-80s-90s and some 2000s)
- ERA FM (Malay; adult contemporary)
- Sinar FM (Malay; classic hits)
- THR Raaga (Tamil)
- THR Gegar (Malay East Coast)

If Red FM and Capital FM joins Astro Radio, what will be happened? Let's speculate

1. Could THR.FM be disbanded, THR Raaga and Gegar operate independently under Astro?
- Because of license condition, THR Raaga currently is unable to launch in Kuantan, then THR Gegar is unable to launch in West Coast

2. THR Gegar use Red FM frequencies in West Coast, then THR Raaga use Red FM Kuantan frequency

3. Can it become possible that Astro launch a brand new Tamil radio station, which target serious and mature Tamil listeners like Lite FM, Sinar FM and Melody FM?

4. Could Astro relaunch Xfresh again, which was closed down on 9th July 2012?

5. Could Astro launch sports news radio on Red FM frequencies?

If THR FM takes over the frequency from Red FM and Capital FM, it can be happened like this below:

== THR Raaga==
- 99.3MHz: Klang Valley and Penang
- 102.1MHz: Taiping
- 97.9MHz: Ipoh
- 101.5MHz: Negeri Sembilan
- 103.7MHz: Johor Bahru
- 102.4MHz: Kedah, Perlis
- 101.9MHz: Langkawi
- 99.7MHz: Melaka
- 91.6MHz: Kuantan  (from Red FM)

==THR Gegar==
- 88.8MHz: Kuantan
- 88.1MHz: Kota Bharu
- 106.8MHz: Kuala Terengganu
- 104.9MHz: Klang Valley
- 89.1MHz: Seremban (change the frequency of Capital FM 88.9 and shift to Gunung Telapak Burok; 88.9MHz will be empty in Klang Valley)
- 98.9MHz: Melaka
- 92.8MHz: Johor Bahru 
- 98.1MHz: Kedah, Perlis, Penang 
- 106.4MHz: Ipoh
- 107.5MHz: Taiping (modify the frequency of Capital FM 107.6 and shift to Bukit Larut) 

Or a brand new Tamil classic radio station by these frequencies?

==New Tamil classic radio station/OSAI FM==
- 104.9MHz: Klang Valley
- 89.1MHz: Seremban (change the frequency of Capital FM 88.9 and shift to Gunung Telapak Burok; 88.9MHz will be empty in Klang Valley)
- 98.9MHz: Melaka
- 92.8MHz: Johor Bahru 
- 98.1MHz: Kedah, Perlis, Penang 
- 106.4MHz: Ipoh
- 107.5MHz: Taiping (modify the frequency of Capital FM 107.6 and shift to Bukit Larut) 
- 91.6MHz: Kuantan

Anyway these speculations are unofficial and not accurate at all, what we need is the official statement from Astro and Star Media Group.

List of DVB-T2 channels in Southern Thailand where can be received in Malaysia

Malaysia can receive these digital TV from Thailand.

- Baling, Sik, Pengkalan Hulu, Gerik: from Betong

- Alor Setar, Kangar, Langkawi, Bukit Kayu Hitam, Jitra: from Satun and Songkhla

- Kota Bharu: from Narathiwat

- East Kedah: from Yala.

Penang can try to receive from Yala or Betong

Frequencies lists are above.

FM 95.5MHz frequency analysis in East Kedah and Yala Thailand

FM 95.5MHz parameters

Power: 1kW
Tested site:
- Bukit Palong Kedah
- Bannang Sata Yala
- Betong Yala Thailand
- Narathiwat Thailand

RF analysis of FM 95.5MHz

1. Bukit Palong Kedah
- 95.5MHz: Bukit Palong
- 95.7MHz: Bukit Penara
Status: 200kHz, OK

- 95.4MHz: Gerik
- 95.5MHz: Bukit Palong
Status: 100kHz, NOT OK

- 95.5MHz: Bukit Palong
- 95.5MHz: Satun
Status: 0kHz, OK

2. Betong Thailand
 Analysis same as FM 95.5MHz Bukit Palong Kedah 

3. Yala Thailand
- 95.5MHz: Yala
- 95.7MHz: Bukit Penara
Status: 200kHz, OK

- 95.4MHz: Gerik
- 95.5MHz: Yala
Status: 100kHz, NOT OK

- 95.5MHz: Yala
- 95.5MHz: Bukit Bakar
Status: 0kHz, NOT OK

4. Narathiwat Thailand & Sg Kolok Thailand 
Same result with FM 95.5MHz Yala

Conclusion: FM 95.5MHz cannot be used in Bukit Palong, Yala (Bannang Sata), Betong and Narathiwat.

Recommended frequencies:

- FM 95.75MHz: Yala

FM 93.75MHz Betong Thailand analysis

93.75MHz Yala: Interference
93.75MHz Betong: OK

==Parameter of Betong FM==
Frequency: FM 93.75MHz (use Thailand radio two decimal frequency format)
Power: 1kW
Transmitting location: Betong Thailand
GPS: 05°45'44''N 101°04'04''E

RF analysis of FM 93.75MHz Betong

- 93.75MHz: Betong
- 93.9MHz: Gunung Jerai
Spacing: 150kHz
Actual minimum spacing: 200kHz

- 93.75MHz: Betong
- 93.8MHz: Bukit Panau
Spacing: 50kHz
Actual minimum spacing: 200kHz

For transmission power, maximum is 1kW, but 0.75kW is better and safer to be used.

RF Analysis: FM 94.0MHz in Southern Thailand East Coast

FM 94.0MHz is empty frequency in 3 Southern Thailand provinces such as Narathiwat, Pattani and Yala, but occupied in Songkhla Hat Yai and Satun.


RF analysis of FM 94.0MHz

1. Yala

94.0MHz: Yala (Bannang Sata)
94.25MHz: Yala (Bannang Sata)
Result: NOT OK

93.9MHz: Gn Jerai
94.0MHz: Yala (Bannang Sata)
Result: 100kHz, OK

93.8MHz: Bkt Panau
94.0Mhz: Yala (Bannang Sata)
Result: 200kHz, small interference

2. Narathiwat

94.0MHz: Narathiwat
94.25MHz: Yala (Bannang Sata)
Result: OK

93.9MHz: Gn Jerai
94.0MHz: Narathiwat
Result: 100kHz, OK

93.8MHz: Bkt Panau
94.0Mhz: Narathiwat
Result: 200kHz, NOT OK

3. Pattani

94.0MHz: Pattani
94.25MHz: Yala (Bannang Sata)
Result: OK

93.9MHz: Gn Jerai
94.0MHz: Pattani
Result: 100kHz, OK

93.8MHz: Bkt Panau
94.0Mhz: Pattani
Result: 200kHz, OK

94.0MHz: Pattani
94.0MHz: Hat Yai
Result: NOT OK

4. Sungai Kolok/Sg Padi (same result with Narathiwat)

Conclusion: FM 94.0MHz only can be used by community radio station in Narathiwat and Pattani, but power must not be more than 500W.

 

After IKIM FM 89.0MHz transmitted from Upper Jerai, what will happen to Thailand radio station?

Before June 2016, Malaysia Islamic radio station, IKIM FM Kedah-Penang-Perlis frequency was heavily interfered by Thailand Parliament Channel 89.0MHz from Yala Thailand in Kedah and Penang, even some areas in Penang got Thailand station on 89.0MHz.

In April 2016, I got some breaking news from MCMC spectrum people, stated that IKIM FM 89.0MHz will be transmitted from Upper Jerai, effective since June 2016. At the same time, I did not forget to mention about affected Thailand radio station in Yala to them.

MCMC told me that they'll study about affected Thailand radio during JTC and Special Task Force with Thailand NBTC.

In my opinion, after IKIM FM 89.0MHz is transmitted from Upper Jerai, most of Penang and North Perak areas can receive clearly. Formerly Betong and Pengkalan Hulu Perak can get Thailand radio station on 89.0MHz, now the station is overlapped by IKIM FM, even some Yala and Pattani areas within broadcast coverage of 89.0MHz will be interfered by IKIM FM.

What are the solution?

1. Add another relay transmitter in Betong Thailand
- My comment: I don't think Thailand Parliament Channel will add transmitter in Betong Thailand because of no commercial value. In addition, Betong is a small town in Yala. For the radio coverage, Betong is same as RTM Gerik and Bukit Palong, cover the areas within 25-30km only.

2. Change the existing frequency 89.0MHz
- This can directly to solve the interference, but pay with high costs because to change the transmission equipment completely.

In 2014 and 2015, I had suggested several vacant frequencies for this station in Yala. There are 87.5MHz, and 105.5MHz.

I had studied these two frequencies, basically they can be used, but at last I found "not OK" because interference to Narathiwat local community radio stations. FM 87.5MHz and FM 105.5MHz are also used within Narathiwat province.

Recently I studied a new frequency which may be suitable to be used in Yala, there is FM 95.75MHz.

This frequency looks good actually. It is "interference free" frequency. Look at the analysis

1. FM 95.7MHz Yala vs. RTM Radio Klasik Bukit Bakar 95.5MHz
Spacing: 250kHz, OK

2. FM 95.75MHz Yala vs. RTM Nasional FM Gerik 95.4MHz
Spacing: 350kHz, OK

3. FM 95.75MHz Yala vs. RTM Mutiara FM Bukit Penara 95.7MHz
Spacing: 50kHz, OK
Note: Bukit Penara is excluded from international coordination.

In conclusion, Thailand Parliament radio station can change its Yala frequency to FM 95.75MHz.

==Suggested parameters of Thai Parliament Channel Yala frequency==
Frequency: FM 95.75MHz
Power: 2kW
Transmitting location: Khao Pokyo, Bannang Sata, Yala, Thailand
Coordination: 06°20'10''N 101°23'26''E

If 95.75MHz is occupied in Yala, Mutiara FM Bukit Penara 95.7MHz will be interfered in Central and East Kedah, but it is ok because these areas are not coverage of 95.75Mhz Yala.

RF Analysis: Thailand (Yala) vs. Malaysia

In Yala Thailand, there is many radio stations. For public radio stations, their transmitter sites are located in a hill between Yala and Narathiwat border.

For empty frequencies, 93.75MHz and 95.75MHz can be nominated.

1. FM 93.75MHz Yala
- vs. Bukit Panau= 50kHz, NOT OK
- vs. Bukit Larut= 150kHz, OK
- vs. Gunung Jerai= 150kHz, OK
- vs. Pattani= 250kHz, OK
- vs. Satun= 0kHz, OK

2. FM 95.75MHz Yala
- vs. Gerik= 350kHz, OK
- vs. Bukit Penara= 50kHz, OK
- vs. Satun= 250kHz, OK
- vs. Bukit Bakar= 250kHz, OK

3. FM 93.75MHz Betong
- vs. Bukit Panau= 50kHz,  OK
- vs. Bukit Larut= 150kHz, OK
- vs. Gunung Jerai= 150kHz, OK

Among all Yala vacant frequencies with exclusion of existing vacant frequencies which are discussed between MCMC and NBTC in 2011, 95.75MHz is one of best frequency in Yala.

List of interference Malaysia and Thailand analogue TV stations within international coordination

Here are the list of interference analogue TV stations between Malaysia-Thailand-Singapore.

1. TV3 and MediaCorp Suria
- TV3: CH12 Gunung Ledang
- MediaCorp Suria: CH12 Bukit Batok
Affected areas: Central Johor
Alternative frequencies:
- TV3 CH30 Gunung Pulai

2. RTM TV1 and Thai PBS
- TV1: CH27 Padang Pauh
- Thai PBS: CH27 Satun
Affected areas: Perlis, North Kedah
Alternative frequencies:
- TV1 CH35 Gunung Raya
- Thai PBS CH34 Songkhla

3. RTM TV2 and Channel 3 Thailand
- TV2: CH11 Gunung Jerai
- Channel 3 Thailand: CH11 Satun
Affected areas: North Kedah
Alternative frequencies:
- TV2 CH39 Gunung Raya
- Channel 3 Thailand CH38 Songkhla

4. RTM TV1 and Mediacorp Channel U
- TV1: CH28 Gunung Ledang
- Channel U: CH28 Bukit Batok
Affected areas: Central Johor
Alternative frequencies:
- TV1 CH55 Gunung Pulai

5. NTV7 and Thai PBS
- NTV7: CH37 Gunung Jerai
- Thai PBS: CH37 Yala
Affected areas: Kedah
Alternative frequencies:
- Thai PBS CH34 Songkhla

About Asyik FM broadcast coverage

Asyik FM is the only Orang Asli language radio station in Malaysia, which is operated by RTM, formerly known as Radio7, but its broadcast coverage is not wide like other RTM national stations, could be "politic impact" reason.

Here are the current frequencies of Asyik FM nationwide:

- 91.1MHz: Kuala Lumpur Tower (for Klang Valley)
- 102.5MHz: Gunung Ulu Kali (for Pahang, Selangor, South Perak, parts of Negeri Sembilan/Melaka/Johor)
- 95.6MHz: Gunung Ledang (low power transmission 250W, for Segamat and Tangkak only)
- 105.1MHz: Gunung Brinchang (for Cameron Highlands)
- 97.3MHz: Bukit Ladang Teh (for Lenggong and part of Gerik)
- 99.9MHz: Bukit Botak (for Damak)
- 89.3MHz: Ulu Tembeling

In my opinion, among all the frequencies above. Only 102.5Mhz and 95.6MHz transmitter sites are strategic. The rest are gap filler transmitters, which operated at 500W power.

Asyik FM actually need to launch two more transmitters in strategic site, there are:

- Gunung Kledang for Central Perak
- Bukit Pelindung for East Pahang
- Changkat Rembian for Tapah
- Memplam Sari for Gerik

Rest strategic sites like Gn Jerai, Gn Pulai are not necessary because these areas have less Orang Asli..

But Asyik FM can be received nationwide via Shortwave SW 6050kHz

Bukit Gan empty radio frequencies spetrum analysis

Here are the vacant frequencies which likely can be used in Bukit Gan, Seremban.

- 89.1MHz, 90.1MHz, 90.9MHz, 99.1MHz, 99.9MHz, 101.1MHz and 105.5MHz.

RF analysis:

88.9MHz: Gunung Ulu Kali
89.1MHz: Bukit Gan
Results: 200kHz, OK

89.1MHz: Bukit Gan
89.3MHz: KL Tower
Results: 200kHz, OK

89.9MHz: Gunung Ulu Kali
90.1MHz: Bukit Gan
Results: 200kHz, OK

90.1MHz: Bukit Gan
90.3MHz: KL Tower
Results: 200kHz, OK

90.1MHz: Bukit Gan
90.3MHz: Gunung Ledang
Results: 200kHz, OK

90.7MHz: UPM
90.9MHz: Bukit Gan
Results: 200kHz, OK

90.9MHz: Bukit Gan
91.1MHz: KL Tower
Results: 200kHz, OK

90.9MHz: Bukit Gan
91.1MHz:Gunung Ledang
Results: 200kHz, OK

100.9MHz: Gunung Ulu Kali
101.1MHz: Bukit Gan
Results: 200kHz, OK

101.1MHz: Bukit Gan
101.3MHz: Bukit Sungai Besi/Gunung Ulu Kali
Results: 200kHz, OK

101.1MHz: Bukit Gan
101.1MHz: Bukit Pelindung
Results: 0kHz, OK

101.1MHz: Bukit Gan
101.1MHz: Gunung Pulai
Results: 0kHz, OK

105.3MHz: Gunung Ulu Kali
105.5MHz: Bukit Gan
105.7MHz: Gunung Ulu Kali
Results: 200kHz, Not OK, too stiff

105.3MHz: Gunung Ledang
105.5MHz: Bukit Gan
Results: 200kHz, OK

Impressive moment of FM DXing: One FM 90.9MHz for Negeri Sembilan?

Actually one FM Seremban frequency is 88.3MHz, transmitted from Bukit Gan, Seremban, N. Sembilan. Coverage is limited for Seremban and surrounding areas only.

Back to August 2010, I had scanned the FM radio frequencies band nearby my home by using my security guard Sanyo radio receiver.

One FM in my area is on 88.1MHz, but I accidentally scanned there was a Chinese radio station on 90.9MHz after Minnal FM 90.5MHz Gunung Telapak Burok while I was tuning to Asyik FM 102.5MHz.

I was wondered how comes 90.9MHz can be received as Chinese radio station. In addition, one FM 88.1MHz was playing commercials, then 90.9MHz was also playing same content with 88.1MHz.

During that time, the radio receiver was analogue tuning.

This moment was 6 years. I had tried 90.9MHz in my car, but nothing signal on that frequency.

I speculated one FM might have trial transmission in Gunung Telapak Burok before on FM 90.9MHz, alongside with 88.3MHz Bukit Gan. I guessed 90.9MHz was only "on-off" transmission in Gunung Telapak Burok by One FM, but this trial transmission was only short term.

Based on my findings, I don't think 90.9MHz can be used in Gunung Telapak Burok as the transmission can interfere UPM Putra FM 90.7MHz and Asyik FM 91.1MHz within Klang Valley and Southern Selangor areas.

If one FM didn't perform short term trial transmission on 90.9MHz in Gunung Telapak Burok, I think there was modulation on 90.9MHz.

FM DXing: Use analog or digital device?

FM DXing is a hobby of receiving and identifying distant radio or television signals.

There are some device to do FM DXing, mainly analog and digital sources.

- Analog:
1. Audio cassette (use cheapest Type 1 ferric tape; such as TDK D46, Maxell UR46, shorter length like TDK D30/D10 is better)
2. Radio cassette player/boombox/audio tape desk with FM-AM-SW-LW band

Tape: C10, C30 and C46 are enough for FM DXing, meanwhile C60, C90 are not necessary.

- Digital:
1. Smartphones with FM radio apps
2. Earphones (worked as antenna)
3. Video recorder
4. Voice recorder
5. Windows Movie Maker (to convert audio to video)
6. MP3 converter

To me, I prefer using digital devices because it's easier and more convenient.

Although using audio cassette to record radio reception audio was an old fashion, but it is costly if send the tape to broadcasters.

==Disadvantages of using analog sources to do FM DXing==:
1. Costly (buying audio tapes)
2. Longer time to duplicate copy of the audio
3. Unable to convert to digital files with same quality if don't use professional software.
4. Cannot share the audio to digital platform

==Advantage of using digital sources to do FM DXing==
1. Can convert files to mp3, video mp4
2. In terms of submission, the files can be sent via email.
3. Can do duplicate copies instantly
4. No additional cost to do FM DXing.

Gunung Kledang and Gunung Brinchang vacant FM frequencies

Currently vacant FM frequencies for Ipoh Perak are getting limited as many broadcasters occupied the frequencies, no matter from Gunung Kledang itself, also Bukit Larut, Gunung Brinchang, Gunung Ulu Kali, and Changkat Rembian.

Last year, I had listed out three vacant frequencies of Gunung Kledang Ipoh. There are 93.3MHz, 94.9MHz and 93.9MHz. 

Among these three vacant frequencies, I don't really suggest 93.9MHz to be occupied by any stations in Gunung Kledang because of Bernama Radio 24. In case if Bernama Radio24 is willing to expand its coverage to greater Klang Valley and neighboring states like Perak, Pahang and Negeri Sembilan, this can cause Bernama Radio24 will be unable to migrate its site to strategic location, Gunung Ulu Kali.

In addition, if 93.3MHz is occupied in Gunung Kledang, the 93.9MHz shall not be occupied in Gn Kledang as 300kHz plus minus to Hitz FM 93.6MHz Bukit Larut.

About FM 94.9MHz, basically it can be used in Gunung Kledang, but I found that 94.9MHz Gn Kledang can interfere to the coverage of Radio Klasik FM 94.9MHz Gunung Jerai.

Look at this:

 

Interference in Kedah! Minimum frequency separation between Gunung Jerai and Gunung Kledang must be 100kHz.

For Gunung Kledang, only 93.3MHz can be occupied, but I already suggested this frequency to BFM 89.9 to cover Ipoh and Central Perak. 

In October 2015, Media Prima acquired CLSB and the stations Ultra and Pi Mai become Kool FM since March 2016. I find the Kool FM also face its difficulties to reach Perak, but I suggest Kool FM to cover Ipoh by launching a transmitter in Bukit Larut on FM 105.7MHz.

There may be a battle between BFM 89.9 and Kool FM to get FM 93.3MHz in Gunung Kledang for Ipoh. If one of them is failed to get 93.3MHz in Gunung Kledang, the station need to use Gunung Brinchang to cover Ipoh.

==Vacant frequencies in Gunung Kledang==

- FM 93.3MHz

==Vacant frequencies in Bukit Larut==

- FM 105.7MHz

==Vacant frequencies in Gunung Brinchang==

- FM 89.5MHz

- FM 102.3MHz

- FM 105.9MHz

- FM 107.3MHz

Gunung Brinchang coordination: 4°31'2.94''N, 101°22'56.9''E

RTM also has its radio and TV transmitters in Gunung Brinchang. As I know so far, RTM radio stations in Gunung Brinchang are increased transmission power to 0.5kW from old 0.1kW as RTM already upgraded all its gap filler transmitters to 0.5kW since 2014. I was told by MCMC that RTM already upgraded its transmitter power. Bukit Larut is increased to 1kW.

RTM upgraded its Gunung Brinchang stations power to 0.5kW, that's why some Selangor areas like Sabak Bernam, Sungai Besar, Sekinchan, Tanjung Karang and some Kuala Selangor areas can get the signal weakly. Normally 0.1kW can't reach there.

RTM Gunung Brinchang 0.5kW power can transmit to Kuala Lipis, and Merapoh areas. 

In order to cover Ipoh and surrounding areas with minimum field strength 54dBuV/m by using Gunung Brinchang, the transmitter power must be at least 2kW.

Now, let's talk about the RF analysis of Gunung Brinchang vacant frequencies.

1. ==FM 89.5MHz== 

- vs. FM 89.6MHz Bukit Asa: 100kHz, OK

- vs. FM 89.3MHz Bukit Larut: 200kHz, OK

- vs. FM 89.7MHz Bukit Chupak: 200kHz, best

2. ==FM 102.3MHz==

- vs. FM 102.0MHz Changkat Rembian: 300kHz, OK

- vs. FM 102.1MHz Bukit Larut: 200kHz, OK

- vs. FM 102.5MHz Gunung Ulu Kali: OK

3. ==FM 105.9MHz==

- vs. FM 105.7MHz Gunung Ulu Kali: 200kHz, OK

- vs. FM 106.1MHz Bukit Larut: 200kHz, not OK

- vs. FM 105.7MHz Bukit Larut (suggest for Kool FM): not OK 

4. ==FM 107.3MHz==

- vs. FM 107.1MHz Bukit Larut: 200kHz, OK

- vs. FM 107.5MHz Gunung Ulu Kali: 200kHz, OK

5. ==FM 107.7MHz==

-vs. FM 107.5MHz Gunung Ulu Kali and FM 107.9MHz Gunung Ulu Kali (if migrated): Not OK

- vs. FM 107.9MHz Bukit Larut: 200kHz, OK

Raya sudah sampai! Kool FM masih tak memperluaskan liputan siaran ke?

Kool FM telah dilancarkan pada 1 Mac 2016 oleh Media Prima. Setakat ini, Kool FM hanya bersiaran pada 101.3MHz dari Bukit Sungai Besi untuk Lembah Klang, dan 90.2MHz dari Bukit Penara untuk Pulau Pinang dan Kedah Selatan.

Raya sudah sampai... Nak balik kampung ni...

Kool FM tak memperluaskan liputan siaran mereka ke? Orang nak balik kampung untuk menyambut Hari Raya ni.. Tetapi tak dapat siaran Kool FM, saya tak nak melepaskan rancangan Kool FM... Bagaimana ya?

Jawapan: Muat turun applikasi Kool FM telefon pintar dan dengar di talian...

Eihh... Habis lah data internet aku... Kalau saya balik kampung memandu sampai dengar Kool FM melalui applikasi mobile, bluetooth dan pakai wayar AUX... Batteri telefon bimbit saya cepat mati... Kena ada charger untuk back up...

Dengar kat radio lagi senang...

Sebenarnya Kool FM sekurang-kurangnya perlu menambah 3 pemancar lagi dan mengubah parameter pemancar untuk Lembah Klang sebelum Raya 2016. Iaitu:

- Gunung Ledang (Melaka, Johor Utara): cadangan 100.9MHz
- Bukit Larut (Taiping, Kuala Kangsar dan Ipoh): cadangan 105.7MHz
- Bukit Pelindung (Kuantan): cadangan 103.7MHz

Cakap pasal frekuensi Lembah Klang dahulu!

Frekuensi Kool FM di Lembah Klang ialah 101.3MHz, tetapi tempat pemancarannya kurang strategik kerana Bukit Sungai Besi memang tak boleh memancar ke seluruh Selangor, Perak Selatan dan Pahang Barat.

Tempat pemancar Kool FM 101.3MHz sepatutnya dipancar dari Gunung Ulu Kali, Selangor. Oleh itu, Kool FM 101.3MHz boleh didengari di banyak kawasan lagi. Nak balik kampung ke Pantai Timur, Perak, Negeri Sembilan, boleh dengar Kool FM sampai Maran, Tapah, Manjung, dan Rembau.

Gunung Ulu Kali ialah tempat pemancar radio dan TV yang paling strategik dan nilai komersilnya tinggi kerana ia boleh meliputi seluruh Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Perak Selatan, Pahang Barat dan beberapa kawasan Negeri Sembilan, Melaka serta Johor Utara.

Ok, jom cakap pasal wilayah selatan pula..

Kool FM perlu melancarkan frekuensi di Gunung Ledang untuk Melaka dan Johor Utara sebelum Raya 2016... Untuk orang yang balik kampung ke wilayah selatan, sekurang-kurangnya boleh dengar pada radio.... Gunung Ledang boleh meliputi Melaka, Johor Utara dan Negeri Sembilan Tengah. 100.9MHz mungkin sesuai...

Dengan pemancar Gunung Ledang, sekurang-kurangnya Kool FM boleh didengari di Johor Bahru, tetapi penerimaannya lemah.

Untuk Perak pula...

Perak memang tak dapat Kool FM... 101.3MHz memang tak de signal... Jika 101.3MHz dipancar dari Gunung Ulu Kali... Tanjung Malim, Bidor, Tapah, Teluk Intan, Sitiawan, Sungkai, Slim River, dan Langkap boleh dapat lah..

90.2MHz dari Bukit Penara boleh diterima di Bagan Serai, Kamunting, Parit Buntar dan sebahagian kawasan Taiping. Bagaimana Ipoh pula?

Ipoh memang tak dapat Kool FM...

Kool FM sepatutunya perlu mengadakan frekuensi di Bukit Larut untuk Taiping, Kuala Kangsar dan beberapa bahagian Kinta/Ipoh.

Sekurang-kurangnya Ipoh boleh dapat Kool FM dari Bukit Larut, tetapi penerimaan kurang jelas.

Terdapat sebab juga saya tidak sebut pasal cadang di Gunung Kledang... Iaitu Gunung Kledang tidak ada frekuensi kosong lagi.. Sebelum ini, saya mencadangkan FM 94.9MHz Gunung Kledang, tetapi analisa telah gagal akibat gangguan teruk kepada liputan Gunung Jerai 94.9MHz.

Bukit Larut hanya 1 frekuensi saje.. Iaitu FM 105.7MHz...

Frekuensi lain seperti 88.8Mhz, 92.4Mhz memang tidak boleh pakai kerana gangguan teruk.

Jika Kool FM melancarkan frekuensinya di Bukit Larut 105.7MHz, sementara waktu boleh meliputi Ipoh juga, tetapi kawasan lain Perak Tengah akan mengalami gangguan dengan Lite FM 105.7MHz Gunung Ulu Kali...

Untuk wilayah Pantai Timur pula? Kool FM sekurang-kurang perlu melancarkan pemancarnya di Bukit Pelindung untuk Pahang Timur/Kuantan. 103.7MHz mungkin sesuai kot...?

Nantikan lah...

Di sini, admin blogger Philip DXing Log Malaysia ingin mengucapkan Selamat Hari Raya Aidilfitri kepada rakan-rakan yang beragama Islam. Maaf Zahir dan Batin.

Radio frequency analysis on FM 102.9MHz, FM 103.0MHz and FM 103.1MHz in Northern Malaysia

RF analysis of FM 102.9MHz- FM 103.1MHz in Northern Malaysia.

FM 102.9MHz
- Bukit Larut: Not OK, co-channel interference with Padang Pauh
- Bukit Penara: Not OK, co-channel interference with Padang Pauh
- Bukit Tokun: Not OK, co-channel interference with Padang Pauh
- Seberang Jaya: Not OK, co-channel interference with Padang Pauh
- Gunung Jerai: Not OK, co-channel interference with Padang Pauh
- Bukit Palong: Not OK, 200kHz with Bukit Dedap

FM 103.0MHz:
- Bukit Larut: Not OK, 100kHz interference with Padang Pauh and 300kHz with Bukit Larut
- Bukit Penara: Not OK, 100kHz interference with Padang Pauh
- Bukit Tokun: OK
- Seberang Jaya: Not OK, 100kHz interference with Padang Pauh
- Gunung Jerai: Not OK, 100kHz interference with Padang Pauh
- Bukit Palong: Not OK, 300kHz with Bukit Dedap

FM 103.1MHz
- Bukit Larut: Not OK, 200kHz interference with Bukit Larut
- Bukit Penara: Not OK, 200kHz interference with Bukit Larut
- Bukit Tokun: Not OK, 200kHz interference with Bukit Larut
- Seberang Jaya: Not OK, 200kHz interference with Bukit Larut
- Gunung Jerai: Not OK, 200kHz interference with Bukit Larut and Padang Pauh
- Bukit Palong: OK.

IKIM FM 89.0MHz can be received in Penang and North Perak since 7 June 2016

Formerly IKIM FM Kedah-Perlis frequency FM 89.0MHz was transmitted from Lower Gunung Jerai.

Among all frequencies, certain of IKIM FM transmitter tower were under Celcom. There were:

- 91.5MHz Bukit Cincin (Klang Valley)
- 93.6MHz SMRX Pending (Kuching)
- 93.9MHz Bukit Kokol (Kota Kinabalu)
- 89.0MHz Lower Jerai (Kedah-Perlis)

Kuching frequency was changed to 93.7MHz, transmitted from Bukit Djin since 26 April 2016, meanwhile KK frequency FM 93.9MHz was transmitted from Bukit Karatong, Sabah.

Lower Jerai can't cover Penang and North Perak.

IKIM FM 89.0MHz Lower Jerai has same frequency with Thailand Parliament Radio Bannang Sata, Yala transmitter. What I find is IKIM FM 89.0MHz was interfered by Thailand radio station heavily in Kedah during past many years.

The station that I received in Penang on FM 89.0MHz was Thailand radio station from Yala before.

During the unofficial meetings with MCMC, I also highlighted about this issue and I suggested Taiping frequency for IKIM FM before, but I denied since April 2016.

Before IKIM FM 89.0MHz transmitted from Upper Jerai, Penang had to receive 102.7MHz from Bukit Genting temporarily with weaker signal.

I got the news stated that IKIM FM would move its 89.0MHz transmitter to Upper Jerai on April 2016 after I submitted the modified parameter of IKIM FM 102.7MHz Bukit Genting.

On 7 June 2016, IKIM FM 89.0MHz can be received clearly in Kedah, Perlis, Langkawi, Penang and North Perak. Before this, Taiping and North Perak needed to receive FM 102.7MHz from Gunung Kledang, but interference with Bukit Genting in Bagan Serai, Kamunting and Semanggol. After IKIM FM 89.0MHz moved to Upper Jerai, I believe that Thailand Parliament Radio Station Yala frequency FM 89.0MHz will be interfered within Yala and Narathiwat districts and frequency will be changed with Malaysia-Thailand Joint Technical Committee approvals. IKIM FM listeners in Taiping and North Perak does not need to tune to FM 102.7MHz anymore, just tune to 89.0MHz.

In my opinion, Thailand Parliament Radio Station FM 89.0MHz from Yala can change to this frequency, either FM 87.5MHz, FM 101.5MHz, FM 100.7MHz, FM 107.3MHz or FM 105.5MHz.

After IKIM FM 89.0MHz transmission is heavily upgraded, I believe that Capital FM 88.9MHz from Gunung Ulu Kali can't be received in North Perak, but Capital FM can be received there on FM 107.6MHz from Bukit Penara.

During these three years, I had involved for attempting to suggest frequencies to IKIM FM before.

Here are my attempts:

- FM 105.7MHz Bukit Larut (September 2013 till December 2013, then May 2014 till August 2015)
- FM 102.9MHz Bukit Penara (December 2013 till May 2014, then January 2016 till 31 March 2016)
- FM 105.5MHz Bukit Palong (short attempt period, from September 2015 till October 2015)
- FM 105.7MHz Bukit Gantang (short attempt period, May 2015)
- FM 88.8MHz Bukit Larut (short attempt period, August 2015 till November 2015)
- FM 93.2MHz Bukit Larut (short attempt period, April 2016)
- FM 89.0MHz migrated to Upper Jerai (December 2013)

The frequencies above with exception of 89.0MHz become "past tense".

==Frequencies of IKIM FM for Perak==

FM 102.7MHz Gunung Kledang: Ipoh, Sungkai, Bidor, Teluk Intan, Kuala Kangsar, Padang Rengas, Lumut, Pangkor, Sitiawan, Seri Iskandar, Beruas, Parit, Simpang Pulai, Pantai Remis, Changkat Jering, Sauk.

FM 89.0MHz Upper Gunung Jerai: Taiping, Gerik, Pengkalan Hulu, Parit Buntar, Semanggol, Selama, Bagan Serai, Lenggong

[Minor topic 小話題]: 我最喜歡的16首1990年中文歌曲 My 16 favorite Chinese songs in 1990

這個卡帶專輯是"寶麗金榜首珍藏金曲", 寶麗金1990年發行的精選輯. 這個卡帶是我最喜歡聽的, 專輯裡面全部歌曲是我最喜歡聽的, 裡面有16首讓大家聽出耳油和百聽不厭的歌曲.

其實我小時候已經愛上這個卡帶里的歌曲.. 當時我5歲時看到有"PHILIPS"字的卡帶, 我就播放... 那時候我喜歡Philips電器產品, 所以父母為我取個英文名叫"Philip", 那個就跟這個卡帶沒有甚麼關係..

這個卡帶的歌曲給了我非常深刻的印象和回憶... 當時我與父母去雪蘭莪八打靈再也Petaling Jaya去拜訪姑姑時, 我父親的汽車都是播放這個卡帶.. 而是我放這個帶進去..

我在1999年的農曆新年得到這個卡帶... 

其實我從1999年聽這個卡帶的歌曲聽到現在... 

談到這個卡帶, 有甚麼歌曲呢?

A1. 劉德華- 如果你是我的傳說 (粵語版為"緣盡")

A2. 周治平- 青梅竹馬

A3. 張鎬哲- 北風

A4. 童安格- 其實你不懂我的心

A5. 潘美辰- 教我怎麼不想你

A6. 草蜢- 半點心

A7. Beyond- 你是我的迷惘 (粵語版為"真的愛你")

A8. 齊秦- 大約在冬季

B1. 潘美辰- 你冷不冷

B2. 劉德華- 難免有錯 (粵語版為"絕望的笑容")

B3. 齊秦- 原來的我

B4. 童安格- 明天你是否依然愛我

B5. 張鎬哲- 不是我不小心

B6. 方季惟- 愛情的故事

B7. 周治平- 夢不到你

B8. 草蜢- 失戀陣線聯盟 (泰語版為"Bird Thongchai - Koo Gud", 粵語版為"失戀")

A1, A2, A3, A5, A6, A7, B1, B2, B6, B7, B8- 1990年

A4, B4, B5- 1989年

A8- 1987年

B3- 1985年

最深刻印象是我5歲時唱劉德華的<如果你是我的傳說>...

這些歌曲在陰天和雨後是最適合聽因為他們的旋律帶有陰涼的感覺... 如果行業是在辦公室office內工作, 這個卡帶的歌曲是非常適合..

我通常是在車內放工後和晚上有時會聽這16首歌曲... 這些歌曲很有工作辦公室氣氛.... 

這些歌曲很輕鬆, 成熟...

This cassette album was published by Polygram Records in 1990, this album features 16 of famous Chinese songs in 1990, which under Polygram. It is my all time favorite album since I was 5 until today...

About the songs, their melodies gave me much of impression and memories of my past moments.

Actually I listen to these album during windy and post-rainy day.. 

I owned the tape formerly when I was 5 during 1999 Chinese New Year. 

<The songs of this album are listed on the above, which is Chinese version article>

When I was a kid, I did not really know about the radio stations. So, I was only listening to the tape and CD at that time. 

The most impressive moment was I always played this tape album in the car when I went to Petaling Jaya with my family for visiting my relatives. In addition, another impressive moment was I sang Andy Lau- If you were my legend (Track A1)..

I also listened to this tape album after working when on the way driving back home while stuck in traffic jam for present day.

Seriously I listened to this album about 17 years, from 1999 until now.

These 16 songs in this tape album are relaxing, memorable, mature, impressive and windy. In addition, it emphasized about serious attitude. It also makes me to stop to listen today crappy Chinese songs...

Malaysia Chinese radio stations like RTM Ai FM, 988 and Melody FM also plays these 16 songs randomly and occasionally,

 

Kool FM bakal melancar frekuensi untuk Melaka dan Johor?

Kool FM ialah stesen berbahasa Melayu yang terbaru, telah dilancarkan pada 3 Mac 2016 oleh Media Prima. Sebelum Kool FM dilancar, frekuensi 101.3MHz ialah Ultra FM di Lembah Klang dan 90.2MHz ialah PiMai FM di Pulau Pinang.

Sasaran pendengar Kool FM adalah Gen X, dimana umur pendengar antara 25-44 tahun, pesaingnya ialah Sinar FM. Kool FM memainkan lagu tempatan dan antarabangsa daripada 1980-an, 1990-an, 2000-an dan terbaru.

Mengenai frekuensinya, Kool FM hanya bersiaran pada 101.3MHz dari Bukit Sungai Besi untuk Lembah Klang dan 90.2MHz dari Bukit Penara untuk Pulau Pinang.

Banyak pendengar asyik bertanya...

"Bila Kool FM akan lancar di Melaka, Johor, Negeri Sembilan, Kelantan, Ipoh, Taiping, Sabah, Sarawak, Kuantan, Terengganu?"

"Kool Fm bila akan pergi ke Melaka ya?"

Contoh soalannya...

Tetapi saya mendapati Kool FM membalas salah satu post page pendengar dengan komen "coming soon" (bermaksud akan datang)

Macam Kool FM bakal melancar frekuensinya untuk Melaka dan Johor Utara...

Pada pandangan saya, Kool FM bakal melancar frekuensinya di Gunung Ledang dahulu kerana Gunung Pulai telah penuh..

Terdapat frekuensi kosong di Gunung Ledang sebenarnya, 91.5MHz, 100.9MHz, 103.9MHz dan 106.0MHz.. Saya mencadangkan 100.9MHz...

Kerana Kool FM tidak dapat diterima siarannya di Negeri Sembilan. Dengan pemancar Gunung Ledang, kebanyakan kawasan Negeri Sembilan bakal menerima siaran Kool FM.

Untuk kawasan Seremban, saya berasa Kool FM hanya dapat melancar di Bukit Gan (stesen pemancar One FM 88.3MHz), bukannya Gunung Telapak Burok. Sebabnya, menara pemancar Gunung Telapak Burok telah penuh kapasitinya, walaupun masih ada frekuensi kosongnya. Frekuensinya, aku cadang FM 101.1MHz...

Pihak SKMM sedang membuat penilaian terhadap frekuensi Kool FM, setakat masa ini saya tahu..

Saya meramalkan Kool FM bakal melancarkan frekuensi untuk Melaka dan Johor Utara pada Jun atau Julai 2016. Kool FM tengah berusaha memperluaskan siarannya ke seluruh negara.

Dengan pemancar Gunung Ledang, Kool FM bakal diterima di:

- Seluruh Melaka
- Johor: Muar, Tangkak, Batu Pahat, Kluang dan Segamat
- Negeri Sembilan: Kuala Pilah, Gemas, Tampin, Rembau, Bahau, Jempol, Kuala Klawang dan Jelebu Timur
- Pahang: Keratong