What if South Korea broadcasters such as MBC, EBS and CBS launch shortwave transmitters to target North Korea

In South Korea, KBS is the only main broadcaster which having shortwave radio transmitters, meanwhile Echo of Hope, Voice of The People and Voice of Freedom are South Korea clandestine radio stations to target North Korea.

KBS (Korean Broadcasting System) is a public broadcaster, owned by South Korea government.

EBS (Education Broadcasting System) is an education TV/radio broadcaster, considered public owned. Formerly was launched as KBS 3 for TV station, and EBS demerged from KBS.

CBS (Christian Broadcasting System) is a religious broadcaster for Christians in South Korea.

MBC (Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation), a well-known commercial broadcaster in South Korea.

 

MBC, CBS, and EBS never have shortwave radio broadcast at the time being. We know that North Korea only jams KBS channels in the communist country to prevent its people from watching and listening to South Korea government propaganda. In North Korea, MBC, CBS and EBS are not jammed as they're commercial, religious and education broadcasters respectively, however these radio stations on FM and MW are only available in bordering region such as Kaesong, Haeju and areas nearby 38th Parallel (aka DMZ).

I'm thinking if MBC, CBS, and EBS launch shortwave transmitters like KBS, despite South Korean people don't really listen to shortwave radio stations as they listen to FM, MW, and DMB. 

Shortwave transmitters can even travel further than mediumwave actually due to its propagation. If South Korea MBC, CBS and EBS use directional shortwave transmitting antenna to beam north direction, North Korea can receive even clearer.

If MBC, CBS, and EBS have shortwave broadcasts to target North Korea and Koreans in China, there are advantages, but limitations must be considered.

 

==Advantages==

1. For MBC, as it provides more music and entertainment, North Koreans can tune to MBC Radio via shortwave frequencies, alternative to KCBS Pyongyang, Pyongyang Broadcasting Station, Echo of Unification and Pyongyang FM.

 

2. For EBS, North Koreans can listen to South Korea education radio station in the country on shortwave frequencies to learn many languages, culture and liberal arts. In South Korea, unlike KBS and MBC which also broadcast on MW band, EBS only broadcasts on FM frequencies.

3. For CBS, the broadcaster can spread Christianity believes to North Korea natives via shortwave transmission in Korean language, just like USA based FEBC, KTWR, Adventist World Radio broadcast on shortwave frequencies to spread Christianity believes to the whole world in multiple languages.

4. CBS, EBS and MBC can gain more listeners from North Korea by reaching more coverage into Deep Korea.

5. Korea Peninsular can receive CBS, EBS and MBC radio via shortwave frequencies, despite they can't expand on FM and MW bands because Korea is divided into two (North and South).

==Limitations==

1. As North Korea is a communist nation which is fully isolated country, not like China where is already opened country ("semi-communism", but more to socialism), North Korea government can jam MBC, CBS and EBS because the country already jam all Korean languages foreign shortwave broadcasts (including BBC World Service, China Radio International, Adventist World Radio, NHK World Radio, KTWR Guam, Radio Free Asia and Voice of America).

 

2. For CBS, because North Korea does not allow its people to believe in any religion regardless Buddhism, Islam, Christian, Taoism, Hindu, Roman-Catholic etc, people there only worship Kim's Supreme Leaders as their religion believes. Hence, I also think that North Korea government jams CBS, even the government also jams foreign religious shortwave radio stations in North Korea, especially Korean language services.

 

3. To launch shortwave broadcasts, it is not easy and it is expensive to do so because it needs much money to have shortwave transmitters. Transmission fees, transmission equipment maintenance fees and hardware purchasing costs must be considered.

 

4. Listeners and commercial factors. There is no any database that how many North Koreans will listen to MBC, CBS and EBS on shortwave radio frequencies, so the advertising revenue to the broadcasters are unknown because their advertisers market is only in South Korea, this factor applies to MBC mostly because MBC is commercial broadcaster in South Korea, and it is not government-funded TV and radio station. 

Talk about Korea unification, it is not easy to do so at the time being because two Koreas are still in tension, despite relationship is inconsistently improved. If North Korea communist government is dissolved like East Germany and Soviet Union, and unified into South Korea, I may believe North Korea KCTV and KCBS Pyongyang could be replaced by KBS, then I may expect MBC, CBS and EBS expand their broadcast coverage to North Korea. However, the unification is not simple at all, politics are always dirty.

==Transmitter sites==

If MBC, EBS and CBS have shortwave transmitters to target North Korea, it is sufficient to operate at 100kW transmitter power. 100kW transmitter power is enough to cover North Korea, but for transmitter site, they can select either Hwaseong or Gimje. For the shortwave transmitter sites in South Korea, I mostly see those North Korea targeted radio stations are transmitted in Hwaseong and Goyang City within Gyeonggi Province, rather than Gimje (KBS World Radio site).

KBS Hanminjok-1 shortwave transmitter site is located in Hwaseong.

Gimje is located in North Jeolla Province, it is not really possible to cover all territories in North Korea, compare to Hawseong and Goyang, also Seoul. Gimje shortwave transmitter tower is actually for international broadcast to target most of the world. In fact, if MBC, EBS, and CBS want to use Gimje shortwave radio tower to target North Korea, they should use directional antenna and high power transmitter as 300kW, therefore they can reach all territories in North Korea.

==Frequencies==

As shortwave frequency band range is wide, and many international broadcasters occupied many frequencies, regardless target in selected region or whole world, I'm not able and having zero idea on it.

==Proposed transmission data for MBC, EBS, CBS shortwave broadcast to target North Korea==

1. Hwaseong, Gyeonggi Province

* Power: 50kW or 100kW

* Antenna direction: Non-directional

* Note: Currently used by existing radio stations such as Echo of Hope, KBS Hanminjok Bangsong-1

2. Seoul

* Power: 20kW

* Antenna direction: Non-directional

* Note: Currently used by Echo of Hope only 

3. Goyang City, Gyeonggi Province

* Power: 100kW

* Antenna direction: Non-directional

* Existing stations: Voice of The People SW 3480kHz, 3910kHz, 3930kHz, 4450kHz, 6520kHz and 6600kHz.

4. Gimje, North Jeolla Province

* Power: 300kW

* Antenna direction: Between 280 DEG and 80DEG

* Existing station: KBS World Radio

==Conclusion of proposed transmitter site for MBC, EBS, and CBS shortwave broadcast for North Korea==

Hwaseong is the best transmitter site for MBC, EBS and CBS on shortwave radio transmission because there are at least two broadcasters operate shortwave transmission there such as KBS Hanminjok Bangsong-1 and Echo of Hope.

(RF analysis) FM 95.7MHz Alor Setar Tower

Kool FM was the last radio station to launch its transmitter in Alor Setar Tower on 107.3MHz in 14th October 2016. 

Back to March 2016, I published the empty FM frequencies list in Peninsular Malaysia blog post. For Alor Setar Tower, only FM 91.5MHz is the empty frequency (broadcasters can use 0.5kW or 1kW power), but it is interesting to study if 95.7MHz is used in the tower to cover Alor Setar, Kedah only.

In fact, FM 95.7MHz is empty signal or simply weak signal of Mutiara FM from Bukit Penara in Alor Setar, Kedah. Moreover, Mutiara FM 95.7MHz is not really receivable there because Bukit Penara signal is fully blocked by Mount Jerai. So, I classify it as vacant frequency, however FM 95.7MHz shall be used as very low power transmission in Alor Setar Tower, as low as 50W.

==Proposed transmission parameter of FM 95.7MHz in Alor Setar, Kedah==

* Frequency: FM 95.7MHz

* Power: 50W (or 0.05kW)

* Transmitter site: Alor Setar Tower, Kedah

* Antenna system: 2-bay array dipole antenna

* Antenna gain: 2.0dBd x2 = 4.0dBd

* ERP: 125W

* Coverage: Alor Setar and surrounding areas

==RF analysis of FM 95.7MHz Alor Setar Tower==

95.7MHz: Alor Setar Tower

96.1MHz: 988 FM Gunung Jerai

<400kHz, OK>

95.5MHz: Radio Thailand Satun

95.7MHz: Alor Setar Tower

<200kHz, OK>

95.7MHz: Alor Setar Tower

95.7MHz: Mutiara FM Bukit Penara

<0kHz, OK for low power transmission in Alor Setar>

 

For radio stations, I doubt which I can propose this transmission parameter FM 95.7MHz in Alor Setar, Kedah to because less broadcasters are interesting to invest Alor Setar market.

1. Astro GoXUAN?

* A Chinese Gen Z targeted radio stations, seems like entering YouTuber and TikToker markets, plays K-POP music mostly, but Alor Setar is not a potential market for this radio station, somewhat GoXUAN license condition is not allowed to have further frequencies as Astro acquired Red FM and Capital FM from Star Radio Group in order to purchase frequencies only. Until today, there is no any frequency expansion for Zayan and GoXUAN since 2nd October 2017, unless their licenses are modified.

2. CityPlus FM?

* A Chinese business radio station to target Chinese PMEBs. Alor Setar is not the radio station's market.

3. BFM?

* An English business radio station, 89.9MHz is the frequency in Klang Valley from Gunung Ulu Kali. Alor Setar is not its potential market, but BFM wants to expand in Penang since 2009, unfortunately the radio station is not getting approval from MCMC yet.

4. Rakita (formerly known as IM4U FM)?

* A Klang Valley based youth radio station in Malay language, broadcasts on FM 107.9MHz from Bukit Sungai Besi for Klang Valley. Don't think it will be expanded outside Klang Valley due to license condition and market value. Thus, Alor Setar has no commercial value for Rakita.

5. Bernama Radio 

* A Malay language news radio station. Alor Setar seems having market for Bernama Radio, but this radio station can be assigned on 91.5MHz with 500W transmitter power to target more areas in Kedah.

 

6. Best FM

* Johor based Malay language radio station, also having Klang Valley frequency on FM 104.1MHz from Gunung Ulu Kali. If Best FM wants to expand to Alor Setar, FM 95.7MHz at 50W power can be proposed.

My QSL card collection! Voice of Indonesia (VOI) and Radio Free Asia (RFA)

After I shared my e-QSL card of KTWR (Trans World Radio) and AWR (Adventist World Radio), now I collect hard copy of two QSL cards from two shortwave radio stations such as Voice of Indonesia (VOI) and Radio Free Asia (RFA).

Here is the QSL cards that I collect

1. Radio Free Asia (RFA) SW 15195kHz Laotian broadcast (1100-1200hours UTC)

2. Voice of Indonesia (VOI) SW 3325kHz English broadcast (1300-1400 hours UTC)

Thanks to RFA and VOI for sending me QSL cards.

Malaysia Tropo DX: Tropospheric propagation of Gunung Kledang (Ipoh) radio stations, signals were caught in Puchong, Selangor on 4th November 2020 evening

 On 4th November 2020 Wednesday evening between 1740-1800 hours (UTC+8 Malaysia Time Zone), I caught few distant radio stations from Gunung Kledang signal in Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia with louder and slightly clearer reception such as:

* Hitz FM 92.7MHz

* Mix FM 94.3MHz

* Perak FM 95.6MHz

* 988 FM 99.8MHz

The signal of these four radio stations were received in Bandar Puchong Jaya where is not far from IOI Mall Puchong. 

 

According to the videos, 988 FM 99.8MHz reception is the clearest and most powerful in Puchong, following by Perak FM 95.6MHz, Hitz FM 92.7MHz and Mix FM 94.3MHz.

In fact, it is rare to catch Hitz FM 92.7MHz and Mix FM 94.3MHz from Gunung Kledang, Ipoh in Puchong, Selangor as they're not receivable at most of the time, however 92.7 and 94.3 are fully locked by Gunung Telapak Burok radio stations RTM Negeri FM 92.6MHz and Mix FM 94.2MHz respectively.

Hitz FM 92.7MHz from Gunung Kledang was receivable in Puchong, Selangor, but it was having adjacent channel interference from RTM Negeri FM 92.6MHz Gunung Telapak Burok at 100kHz frequency separation. Hence, you can hear Negeri FM interference noise on Hitz FM 92.7MHz through my footage.

Although Mix FM 94.3MHz Gunung Kledang was interfered by Mix FM 94.2MHz from Gunung Telapak Burok, but it was not serious because both are under same radio stations.

Perak FM 95.6MHz is only having few signal from Puchong Perdana to Bukit Puchong during non-tropospheric propagation, but it is receivable in Puchong Jaya.

==Gunung Kledang radio tropo DX in Puchong report==

* Transmitter site: Gunung Kledang, Perak

* Receiver site: Puchong, Selangor (Bandar Puchong Jaya)

* Distance: 184-185 km

* Receiver: Perodua Axia SE 2015 (Betamek Electronics)

* Receiving time/hours: 04.11.2020 1730-1800hours (UTC+8)

1. Hitz

* Frequency: FM 92.7MHz

* Power: 2kW

* SINPO code: 42344

2. Mix

* Frequency: FM 94.3MHz

* Power: 2kW

* SINPO code: 43244

3. RTM Perak FM

* Frequency: FM 95.6MHz

* Power: 2kW

* SINPO code: 34344

4. 988

* Frequency: FM 99.8MHz

* Power: 2kW

* SINPO code: 55555

Alongside four radio stations, the reception of Melody FM 98.5MHz, Radio Klasik FM 88.3MHz, Ai FM 92.1MHz, and Traxx FM 90.1MHz were even weaker in Puchong, Selangor.

In conclusion, it was a tropo transmission of Gunung Kledang radio stations in Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia on 04.11.2020 from 1730-1800hours (UTC+8).

(Shortwave DX) KCBS Pyongyang, the domestic North Korea radio station, signal is caught in Malaysia on shortwave radio! It was playing "NK-POP".

 

Between December 2019 and April 2020, I received few North Korea shortwave radio stations from Kujang transmitter site in Malaysia, it was Voice of Korea, actually it is a North Korea communist government propaganda radio station for international listeners outside North Korea, broadcasts in Japanese, Chinese Mandarin, French, English, Spanish, Arabic, German, Spanish and Russian.

 

From June 2020, I received KCBS Pyongyang which is North Korea domestic public radio station in Malaysia on a shortwave radio receiver.

 

I caught KCBS Pyongyang signal in Malaysia on SW 11680kHz and 9665kHz from Kanggye, North Korea. Here is the footage.

 

What I spotted the signal of KCBS Pyongyang in these three videos are airing "NK-POP" (North Korean pop) songs. South Korea K-POP are sung by Oppa (Super Junior, BTS, Big Bang etc) and beautiful ladies (Girls Generation, Blackpink, 2NE1, 4 Minute etc), but NK-POP is about North Korean communism songs, Moranbong Band is also part of "NK-POP". 

 

In terms of signal reception status in Malaysia (around greater Kuala Lumpur), KCBS Pyongyang SW 11680kHz is usually suffering adjacent channel interference from local shortwave radio station RTM Wai FM SW 11665kHz, transmitted from RTM Kajang. Hence, you will hear interference noise from Wai FM when you tune to KCBS Pyongyang 11680kHz to hear "NK-POP". Sometimes when RTM Wai FM shortwave transmitter was down or off-air, KCBS Pyongyang SW 11680kHz from Kanggye, North Korea can be received in Malaysia (around greater Kuala Lumpur) without any interference from other radio stations.

 

In addition, I also received KCBS Pyongyang SW 9665kHz too on 1st November 2020, this is even rare signal in Malaysia. Between 1745 hours to 0000 hours (UTC +8), I only hear silent mode on the frequency because Radio Taiwan International Chinese Mandarin broadcast is ready to sign on, but I could hear "NK-POP" or North Korea communist propaganda songs when I set the frequency to 9668kHz adjacently. After RTI SW 9660kHz from Kouhu, Taiwan is signing on after 1800 hours (UTC+8), KCBS Pyongyang SW 9665kHz (adjacent tuning on 9668kHz) is no longer receivable in Malaysia.

 

KCBS Pyongyang SW 11680kHz and 9665kHz are transmitted from Kanggye, North Korea with non-directional antenna, transmitter power is only 50kW. In Malaysia and South East Asia, usually I only could receive Voice of Korea as North Korea shortwave radio station, but KCBS Pyongyang shortwave radio signal is very rare in Malaysia.

 

==Reception report of KCBS Pyonyang DX in Malaysia==

* Frequency: SW 9665kHz (adjacent tuning on 9668kHz), SW 11680kHz

* Power: 50kW

* Transmitter site: Kanggye, North Korea

* Receiving site: Balakong, Selangor, Malaysia (20km from Kuala Lumpur) 

* Distance: 4900km

* Receiving date (UTC+8): 12.06.2020 0733H (for 11680kHz), 27.09.2020 1832H (for 11680kHz) and 01.11.2020 1756H (for 9665kHz)

* SINPO: 

- 11121 (for 11680kHz on 12.06.2020 0733H UTC+8)

- 33343 (for 11680kHz on 27.09.2020 1832H UTC+8)

- 33343 (for 9665khz on 01.11.2020 1756H UTC+8)

 

(Shortwave DX) Rare South Korea shortwave radio stations signal caught in Malaysia!

Currently KBS World Radio is the only South Korea shortwave radio station available in Malaysia on 9570kHz, 9770kHz and poor reception 9805kHz in the evening (Malaysia time) because it targets South East Asia listeners.

Recently on 1st November 2020, I received about two rare South Korea shortwave radio stations signal in Balakong, Selangor, Malaysia (20km from Kuala Lumpur). There are:

1. Echo of Hope SW 9100kHz from Seoul

2. Voice of The People SW 6520kHz and 6600kHz from Goyang City, Gyeonggi province.

Voice of Freedom SW 5920kHz and Echo of Hope SW 3980kHz/5990kHz/6348kHz Hwaseong transmitters are not able received in my locations.

Echo Of Hope SW 9100kHz from Seoul, South Korea that I received in Malaysia is operating only 10kW power.

Both radio stations are not targeting South Koreans, but they are South Korean clandestine radio stations to target North Korea listeners, while Echo of Unification from North Korea is targeting South Korea.

Here is the signal footage of rare South Korea shortwave radio signals that I caught in Malaysia. 

==Reception report of Echo of Hope==

* Frequency: SW 9100kHz

* Power: 10kW

* Transmitter site: Seoul, South Korea

* Receiving site: Balakong, Selangor, Malaysia

* Distance: 4637km

* Receiving date/time: 1st and 2nd November 2020 between 1800-1900 hours (UTC+8) 

* SINPO: 34334 (01.11.2020); 45344 (02.11.2020) 

 

==Reception of Voice of The People==

* Frequency: SW 6520kHz & 6600kHz

* Power: 50kW

* Transmitter site: Goyang city, Gyeonggi province, South Korea

* Receiving site: Balakong, Selangor, Malaysia

* Distance: 4619km

* Receiving date/time: 1st November 2020 between 1800-1900 hours (UTC+8) 

* SINPO: 24222 (6520kHz), 34332 (6600kHz) 

FM radio SFN (single frequency network) system between South Korea and Malaysia

Here is the similarity of FM radio SFN system between South Korea and Malaysia.

==South Korea==

MBC Standard FM (Wonju region)

* 92.7MHz Wonju 1kW

* 92.7MHz Yeongwol 0.09kW

MBC Standard FM (Wonju region)

* 102.5MHz Taegisan (Hoengseong) 1kW

* 102.5MHz Noseongsan (Pyeongchang) 0.05kW

MBC Standard FM (Chuncheon region)

* 88.9MHz Daeamsan (Inje) 0.5kW

* 88.9MHz Cheorwon 0.09kW

MBC Standard FM (Daejeon region)

* 92.5MHz Sikjangsan (Dong-Gu) 3kW

* 92.5MHz Cheonan 0.01kW

MBC Standard FM (Busan region)

* 106.5MHz Noksan 20W

* 106.5MHz Gijang-gun 30W

* 106.5MHz Dalsan-ri 20W

MBC FM4U (Chuncheon region)

* 98.3MHz Daeamsan (Inje) 0.5kW

* 98.3MHz Cheorwon 0.09kW

KBS Radio 2 FM (Busan region)

* 99.5MHz Noksan 30W

* 99.5MHz Yangsan 30W

* 99.5MHz Dalsan-ri 20W

* 99.5MHz Millet 15W

 

CBS Music FM (Seoul + Gyeonggi region)

* 93.9MHz Gwanaksan (Seoul) 7kW

* 93.9MHz Munsan (Paju) 0.5kW

* 93.9MHz Ganghwa (Gimpo) 0.5kW 

 

CBS Standard FM (Gangwon region)

* 93.7MHz Nlatjae (Chuncheon) 3kW

* 93.7MHz Hongcheon 0.09kW

 

 

 

==Malaysia==

GoXUAN FM (Penang)

* 107.6MHz Bukit Penara 1kW

* 107.6MHz TM Batu Ferringhi 0.03kW 

RTM Nasional FM (Penang)

* 93.9MHz Bukit Penara 0.25kW

* 93.9MHz Bukit Genting 0.1kW

RTM Traxx FM (Penang)

* 88.5MHz Bukit Penara 0.25kW

* 88.5MHz Bukit Genting 0.1kW

 

RTM Ai FM (Penang)

* 92.1MHz Bukit Penara 0.25kW

* 92.1MHz Bukit Genting 0.1kW

 

RTM Minnal FM (Penang)

* 98.9MHz Bukit Penara 0.25kW

* 98.9MHz Bukit Genting 0.1kW

RTM Penang radio (except Mutiara FM) in Bukit Penara and Bukit Genting are same as South Korea MBC Radio SFN (single frequency network) system

In Penang, normally RTM radio stations are tuned on Gunung Jerai frequencies except Mutiara FM 93.9MHz. 

When I was in Georgetown, I usually tuned to Traxx FM on 98.7MHz from Gunung Jerai. In fact, neglect Mutiara FM, RTM does have radio transmitter in Bukit Penara for Radio Klasik, Nasional FM, Ai FM, Traxx FM and Minnal FM, but they're gap filler transmitter to cover Paya Terubong and Air Itam.

 

Meanwhile Bukit Genting is covering Balik Pulau and Teluk Kumbar of Penang.

 

Here is the frequencies list of RTM transmitters in Penang state.

 

==Bukit Penara==

* Radio Klasik FM 101.7MHz (0.25kW)

* Nasional FM 93.9MHz (0.25kW)

* Mutiara FM 95.7MHz (1kW)

* Traxx FM 88.5MHz (0.25kW)

* Ai FM 92.1MHz (0.25kW)

* Minnal FM 98.9MHz (0.25kW)

 

==Bukit Genting (0.1kW)==

* Radio Klasik FM 101.7MHz

* Nasional FM 93.9MHz

* Mutiara FM 90.9MHz

* Traxx FM 88.5MHz

* Ai FM 92.1MHz

* Minnal FM 98.9MHz

Look at the frequency allocations above, except Mutiara FM, RTM radio stations in Bukit Penara and Bukit Genting are using same frequencies. This is also considered as single frequency network (SFN).

 

The frequencies above 101.7MHz, 93.9MHz, 88.5MHz, 92.1MHz and 98.9MHz in Bukit Penara and Bukit Genting are gap filler transmission, they don't cover Georgetown and Seberang Perai.

Different from GoXUAN FM 107.6MHz SFN condition, RTM 101.7MH, 93.9MHz, 88.5MHz, 92.1MHz and 98.9MHz in Bukit Penara and Bukit Genting operate at low power transmitters. Bukit Genting is 0.1kW, meanwhile Bukit Penara (except Mutiara FM 95.7MHz) is 0.25kW or lesser. 

The SFN condition of RTM Penang transmitter is same as MBC Munhwa Bangsong FM 102.5MHz in Gangwon province, and selected Korea radio stations on same frequencies within the region.

FM 102.5MHz in Taegisan is same as RTM Bukit Penara (except 95.7MHz), meanwhile FM 102.5MHz in Pyeongchang is same as RTM Bukit Genting.

 

RTM Bukit Penara (except 95.7MHz)= Taegisan 태기산

RTM Bukit Genting= Pyeongchang 평창군

 

In terms of transmission power of RTM Bukit Penara (except Mutiara FM 95.7MHz) and Bukit Genting, the single frequency network (SFN) allocation of RTM Penang transmitters are more to same as MBC Munhwa Bangsong FM 88.9MHz in Chuncheon region.

In Chuncheon region, MBC Munhwa Bangsong uses 88.9MHz in two different radio transmitter site with low power transmission as relay stations. According to MBC Munhwa Bangsong Korean Wikipedia, FM 88.9MHz transmits in Daeamsan and Cheorwon at 0.5kW and 0.09kW power respectively.

 

==Malaysia SFN on FM radio (low power vs. low power)==

101.7MHz: Radio Klasik FM Bukit Penara

101.7MHz: Radio Klasik FM Bukit Genting

 

93.9MHz: Nasional FM Bukit Penara

93.9MHz: Nasional FM Bukit Genting

 

88.5MHz: Traxx FM Bukit Penara

88.5MHz: Traxx FM Bukit Genting

 

92.1MHz: Ai FM Bukit Penara

92.1MHz: Ai FM Bukit Genting

 

98.9MHz: Minnal FM Bukit Penara

98.9MHz: Minnal FM Bukit Genting

 

 ==South Korea SFN on FM radio (low power vs. low power)==

98.3MHz: MBC FM4U Daeamsan

98.3MHz: MBC FM4U Cheorwon

88.9MHz: MBC Standard FM Daeamsan

88.9MHz: MBC Standard FM Cheorwon

From analysis above, Daeamsan for Inje is same as Bukit Penara, meanwhile Cheorwon is Korea version of Bukit Genting.

Other than MBC Munhwa Bangsong, actually MBC FM4U also operates on FM 98.3MHz in Daemsan and Cheorwon as low power repeater. In addition, KBS Radio 2 has three low power repeaters operate on FM 99.5MHz in Busan province such as:

1. Milet (15W)

2. Yangsan (20W)

3. Noksan (30W)

 

RTM Bukit Penara (except 95.7) = Daeamsan 대암산

RTM Bukit Genting = Cheorwon 철원군

Example of MBC Standard FM 106.5MHz SFN system on FM radio in Busan region (gap filler vs. gap filler)

Astro GoXUAN FM 107.6MHz Penang frequency follows South Korea SFN (Single Frequency Network) system

 

Astro Chinese Gen Z targeted radio station, GoXUAN currently broadcasts in Klang Valley on 88.9MHz and Penang on 107.6MHz.

 

For Penang, FM 107.6MHz is transmitted from two different sites within Penang Island, they're Bukit Penara and TM Batu Ferringhi.

 

Bukit Penara and TM Batu Ferringhi operate on same frequency. Technically, it is considered as SFN (single frequency network). In my opinion, goXUAN Penang frequency FM 107.6MHz follows South Korea SFN radio system. 

 

The SFN of FM 107.6MHz is not done by Astro actually, however it was done by Star Radio Group Capital FM. Back to 2014, Star Radio Group transited Red FM Penang frequency 107.6MHz to Capital FM. During that time, Capital FM received feedback from listeners that FM 107.6MHz Bukit Penara could be listened in Batu Ferringhi, hence Capital FM added low power gap filler transmitter in TM Batu Ferringhi on same frequency, but it won't cause interference each other. So, it is SFN.

 

GoXUAN FM 107.6MHz Penang SFN (single frequency network) system is based on South Korea MBC Munhwa Bangsong FM 92.7MHz in Gangwon province.

 

In Gangwon province, South Korea, MBC Munhwa Bangsong FM 92.7MHz in Wonju (Baekunsan) is main transmitter at 3kW power, meanwhile MBC Munhwa Bangsong FM 92.7MHz in Yeongwol is gap filler transmitter at only 0.2kW power.

 

==South Korea SFN on FM radio (main vs. gap filler)==

92.7MHz: MBC Munhwa Bangsong Wonju

92.7MHz: MBC Munhwa Bangsong Yeongwol

==Malaysia SFN on FM radio (main vs. gap filler)==

107.6MHz: GoXUAN Bukit Penara (main)

107.6MHz: GoXUAN Batu Ferringhi (gap filler)

In terms of comparison, both are almost same.

GoXUAN FM 107.6MHz Bukit Penara transmits at 1kW power, meanwhile Batu Ferringhi transmission power is only 0.05kW or lesser.

 

- Bukit Penara= Wonju (원주시)

- Batu Ferringhi= Yeongwol (영월)

 

In addition, GoXUAN FM 107.6MHz SFN concept is also same as MBC Standard FM 102.5MHz in Wonju region.

 

MBC Standard FM operates 102.5MHz in Taegisan (for Hoegngseong) as main transmitter at 1kW power, meanwhile 102.5MHz in Noseongsan (for Pyeongchang) is gap filler transmitter at 0.05kW power. 

 

Bukit Penara = Taegisan 태기산

Batu Ferringhi = Pyeongchang 평창군 (Noseongsan 노성산)

 

Jangkaan kawasan liputan sekiranya RTM Pahang FM memasang pemancar di Gunung Ledang (100.9MHz) untuk meliputi barat daya Pahang

 

Pada artikel sebelum ini, saya telah meluahkan cadangan saya jika RTM melancarkan pemancar Pahang FM di Gunung Ledang (frekuensi cadangan: 100.9MHz) bagi meliputi kawasan barat daya Pahang terutamanya Keratong. Di sini, saya akan menyenaraikan jangkaan kawasan liputan RTM Pahang FM 100.9MHz Gunung Ledang.

 

Jangkaan kawasan yang akan menerima siaran Pahang FM 100.9MHz dari Gunung Ledang:

 

1. Pahang

- Keratong

- FELDA Selancar

- FELDA Bera Selatan

- FELDA Tembangau

- Kota Bahagia

- Muadzam Shah*

- Melati 

 

* Muadzam Shah masih boleh menerima siaran Pahang FM 100.9MHz dari Gunung Ledang, walaupun kawasan tersebut sudah ada pemancar Bukit Sembilan FM 88.0MHz

 

2. Johor

- Segamat

- Batu Anam

- Jementah

- Tangkak

- Labis

- Chaah

 

3. Negeri Sembilan

- Gemas

- Rompin

- FELDA Palong

- Gemencheh

- FELDA Serting Hilir

- Bandar Seri Jempol

- Bahau

- FELDA Lui Selatan

- FELDA Lui Timur

- FELDA Lui Barat

- FELDA Lui Muda

- FELDA Sungai Lui 

 

4. Melaka

- Asahan