City Plus FM巴生谷頻率建議 (Part 2)

目前馬來西亞首家中文財經電台City Plus FM在森美蘭Gunung Telapak Burok發射, 頻率為FM 106.0MHz. 雖然森美蘭, 馬六甲, 彭亨中部, 和巴生谷南部可以收到很清晰, 但不是所有的巴生谷地區可以收到很清楚...

City Plus FM無法在雪蘭莪Gunung Ulu Kali發射的原因是發射塔沒有空間, 無論頻率還是存在.

其實數碼地面電視在馬來西亞正式推出, 馬來西亞類比地面電視 (analogue TV; PAL/NTSC)鎖定在2018年6月結束廣播. 馬來西亞會在2018年中會落實ASO (analogue switch off). Analogue switch off是現有的類比/模擬電視會關閉, 這些電視台已經數碼化廣播. 類比電視廣播是每一家電視台使用一個頻率發射, 反而數碼電視廣播是多家電視台只是使用一個頻率發射. 其實如果一旦電視台關閉類比電視頻道後, 電視台肯定會拆掉類比電視發射器, 所以Gunung Ulu Kali的發射塔就會有空間..

TV1, TV2, TV3, NTV7, 8TV, TV9, TV-Alhijrah的模擬發射器被拆除後, 發射塔可以容納其他電台的發射器, 這可以使到City Plus FM, Kool FM, IM4U FM, 和Bernama Radio可以在Gunung Ulu Kali廣播, 甚至可以覆蓋更多的地區.

一旦City Plus FM要使用Gunung Ulu Kali廣播, 原有的頻率FM 106.0MHz必須關閉, 然後把頻率改為FM 106.1MHz, 但是森美蘭非城市地區收City Plus FM就不會比目前來得清楚因為發射地點不會在Gunung Telapak Burok廣播.

來分析City Plus FM在Gunung Ulu Kali發射後的成果,

City Plus FM 106.1MHz Gunung Ulu Kali可以覆蓋全巴生谷地區, 霹靂南部, 彭亨西部, 森美蘭/馬六甲/柔佛部分地區.

==City Plus FM巴生谷頻率建議==
頻率: 106.1MHz
功率: 2kW
發射地點: Gunung Ulu Kali

==頻率分析==

106.1MHz: City Plus FM Gunung Ulu Kali
106.1MHz: 愛FM Bukit Pelindung (鎖定彭亨東部和關丹)
<0kHz, OK>

106.1MHz: City Plus FM Gunung Ulu Kali
106.4MHz: Red FM Gunung Kledang (鎖定霹靂中南部)
<300kHz, OK>

106.1MHz: City Plus FM Gunung Ulu Kali
106.1MHz: 愛FM Bukit Larut (鎖定霹靂北部)
<0kHz, OK>

106.1MHz: City Plus FM Gunung Ulu Kali
106.2MHz: Ikim FM Gunung Pulai (鎖定柔佛南部)
<100kHz, OK>

FM 102.1MHz Gunung Telapak Burok analysis

In Negeri Sembilan, there is only 1 empty FM frequency which likely suitable to be used in Gunung Telapak Burok. It is FM 102.1MHz.

City Plus FM has occupied FM 106.0MHz (which was formerly used by Red FM/Red 104.9), so 102.1MHz become only last unoccupied frequency.

If Gunung Telapak Burok tower has space, a new radio station can occupy FM 102.1MHz there.

Gunung Telapak Burok covers Negeri Sembilan (except Tampin and Sg Lui Jempol), South Klang Valley, Central Pahang and parts of Melaka/Johor.

==RF analysis of FM 102.1MHz Gunung Telapak Burok==

101.8MHz: Gunung Ulu Kali (My FM)
102.1MHz: Gunung Telapak Burok
<300kHz, OK, comply with the minimum frequency separation>

102.1MHz: Gunung Telapak Burok
102.3MHz: Melaka FM Gunung Ledang
<200kHz, OK, comply with minimum frequency separation>

101.9MHz: Johor FM Gunung Pulai
102.1MHz: Gunung Telapak Burok
<200kHz, OK>

Imagine if Kool FM occupies 102.1MHz in Gunung Telapak Burok, it does not only cover Negeri Sembilan and South Klang Valley, but at least the transmission can cover some Pahang areas such as Temerloh, Mentakab, Chenor, Lanchang, Teriang, Bera, Keratong and Karak while current 101.3MHz is still unable to locate in Gunung Ulu Kali.

Due to 102.1MHz has 200kHz separation with Melaka FM 102.3MHz Gunung Ledang, FM 102.1MHz Gunung Telapak Burok transmission should not beam signal much to south direction to prevent excessive interference, but there is no problem if beam to north east direction in order to cover Central Pahang together.

FM 107.9MHz in Johor Bahru

FM 107.9MHz is currently empty in South Johor. In 2001, it was formerly used by IKIM FM in Gunung Pulai. IKIM FM changed its Johor Bahru frequency since 2002 to FM 106.2MHz. Currently there are three unoccupied frequencies in South Johor, 89.3MHz, 96.3MHz and 107.9MHz. Two frequencies FM 89.3MHz and FM 96.3MHz will be occupied by Singapore Press Holdings in Bukit Batok on December 2017.

Radio Komunitas Hang Tuah FM was formerly occupying FM 107.9MHz in Batam Indonesia, 107.9MHz was carried by Wiraga FM before 2012.

According to broadcast regulator department, FM 107.9MHz is not suitable to be used in Gunung Pulai or transmission site within Johor Bahru because this frequency is being occupied for airband in Johor Bahru airports, Singapore airports and Batam Island airports. If FM 107.9MHz is going to be used in Gunung Pulai, it can cause co-channel interference to airband. In addition, the frequency usage can cause serious incident to the aircraft, also can led aircraft passengers and crews death because of accident due to airband interference with broadcast frequency.

In my opinion, the Johor Bahru, Singapore and Batam airports should not use FM 107.9MHz for aircraft navigation to the aircraft. They should change the frequency to upper band (VHF 108.1MHz and above). MCMC, MDA, and Batam broadcast regulator should discuss about the frequency allocation of airband to prevent clashing with broadcast band.

FM 107.9MHz should be reserved for broadcasting radio stations to be occupied in Gunung Pulai for Johor Bahru due to limited frequency in Johor Bahru.

Note: Ignore the occupants of Radio Kamek on 107.9MHz for Woodlands and Pasir Gudang of JB.

Gunung Ledang RF analysis: 100.8MHz vs. 100.9MHz

One of the vacant frequency in Gunung Ledang which allocated between 100.7MHz and 101.0MHz is considered as high critical level spectrum, there are 100.8MHz and 100.9MHz. Gunung Ledang covers Melaka, North Johor, parts of Negeri Sembilan/Pahang.

Let start the RF analysis with 100.8MHz. [Power is at 1kW, with upcoming 100.9MHz]

100.6MHz: My FM Gunung Telapak Burok
100.8MHz: Gunung Ledang
<200kHz>

100.8MHz: Gunung Ledang
101.1MHz: Minnal FM Gunung Pulai
<300kHz, OK>

Double adjacent frequency
100.4MHz: Ai FM Gunung Ledang
100.6MHz: My FM Gunung Telapak Burok
100.8MHz: Gunung Ledang
<200kHz +/->


According to RF analysis of 100.8MHz Gunung Ledang above, I don't think broadcast regulator will give green light as 100.8MHz Gunung Ledang can interfere 100.6MHz Gunung Telapak Burok within coverage together with existing 100.4MHz Gunung Ledang.

Now, let's analyze 100.9MHz Gunung Ledang.

100.9MHz: Gunung Ledang
101.1MHz: Minnal FM Gunung Pulai
<200kHz, OK>

100.6MHz: My FM Gunung Telapak Burok
100.9MHz: Gunung Ledang
<300kHz, OK>

100.9MHz: Gunung Ledang
101.1MHz: My FM Bukit Pelindung
<200kHz, OK>

100.9MHz: Gunung Ledang
100.9MHz: Selangor FM Gunung Ulu Kali (Selangor and Kuala Lumpur only)
<0kHz, OK>

Among the comparison between 100.8 and 100.9MHz, it seems FM 100.9MHz is better to be used in Gunung Ledang than 100.8MHz as 100.9MHz gaps 300kHz from Telapak Burok 100.6MHz with existing 200kHz from 100.4MHz Gunung Ledang. If 100.8MHz is used in Gunung Ledang, My FM listeners in Negeri Sembilan will suffer of listening to the station on FM 100.6MHz if using cheap radio receiver.

But there is co-channel interference between Gunung Ledang FM 100.9MHz and Selangor FM 100.9MHz Gunung Ulu Kali in some areas, but outside coverage areas like Pahang (Kemayan, Teriang, Temerloh), Negeri Sembilan (Port Dickson, Rantau, Kuala Klawang).

Since Selangor FM 100.9MHz Gunung Ulu Kali covers only Selangor state, the reception in other states like Central Pahang, Negeri Sembilan and Melaka are very weak, compare to other Gunung Ulu Kali radio stations (eg: Minnal FM 96.3MHz and Ai FM 106.7MHz). In my opinion, I don't think there will have serious co-channel interference impact of these two radio stations. FM 100.9MHz Gunung Ledang is expected to be received with stable reception signal in East Negeri Sembilan (Kuala Pilah) and all Melaka areas.

Coverage of Gunung Ledang:

- Melaka: ALL

- Johor: Tangkak, Batu Pahat, Bukit Gambir, Gerisek, Panchor, Bukit Pasir, Sungai Mati, Bakri, Muar, Pagoh, Kluang, Segamat, Yong Peng, Simpang Renggam, Ayer Hitam, Parit Raja, Batu Anam, Jementah, Bekok, Labis, Chaah, Rengit, Senggarang, Seri Gading, Parit Sulong, Semerah, Parit Jawa, Jorak

- Negeri Sembilan: Tampin, Kuala Pilah, Johol, Gemencheh, Gemas, Batu Kikir, Juasseh, Bahau, Serting, Sungai Lui, Simpang Pertang, Bandar Seri Jempol, Kota

- Pahang: Kemayan, Keratong and Bandar Muadzam Shah

Digital radio broadcast in Malaysia

Recently FM radio spectrum is very limited in Peninsular Malaysia. Many new radio stations are unable to expand broadcast coverage by applying frequencies. In Europe and rest of the world, most of radio stations broadcasts digitally via famous DAB+, especially in Norway.

Norway is the first country to stop analogue FM transmission in the world. In UK, BBC runs digital only radio stations such as 1Xtra, 4Xtra, 5Xtra, 6, alongside with analogue stations.

Talk about digital radio transmission, there are few types of it, such as DAB+, mobile app, decoder and online streaming.

DAB stands for Digital Audio Broadcasting. It carries more radio stations on a frequency only than FM radio. It carries less noise from other stations. DAB+ can run single frequency network (SFN) by launching few gap filler transmitters within main transmitter coverage. In my opinion, DAB+ has its advantages and disadvantages. For Malaysia, DAB+ is still not mature here yet because most of Malaysia radio receivers don't feature DAB+ yet. In the cars, most of the stereos have no DAB+ radio, instead they only come with FM and AM band.

For Malaysians consumers, many people prefer listening to the stations via either FM radio or mobile app, even internet online streaming. In terms of transmission costs, DAB+ is more expensive than FM because it requires more transmitters, but DAB+ is very efficient of frequency usage.

For broadcasters, they need to launch more DAB+ transmitters than FM transmitters. Currently most of commercial FM radio broadcasters consists about 12-15 transmitters in Malaysia, including digital, they may need transmitters more than 20, because DAB+ coverage is not wide as FM radio. DAB+ signal drops rapidly when signal is poor, unlike FM signal drops slowly with hissing sound or interference noise from other radio stations when FM signal is poor. Imagine if Malaysia switch to DAB+ suddenly, many people will not accustom yet and they need more time to accustom with digital radio. Actually DAB+ radio receiver is more expensive than FM-AM radio.

Due to growing of online radio streaming/mobile app around the world, DAB+ is the main competitor of mobile app. Radio mobile app is low cost transmission, people will listen to their radio stations by using mobile phone.

The launching of mobile app by radio broadcasters can save more annual transmission costs to transmission service providers, rather than expanding coverage based on market values. I give an example with my favorite radio station, BFM 89.9

BFM 89.9 is English business radio station in Malaysia which broadcasts in Klang Valley, South Perak, West Pahang, parts of Negeri Sembilan, Melaka and North East Johor. Their main target area is Klang Valley, where is high business value area in Malaysia. When talking about coverage expansion, Penang is their second resort (actually I'm pending for them after making proposals). Then, Johor (JB) is their third stops, but there is no frequency because heavily occupied together with Singapore and Batam. Besides these business centric markets, other towns like Kuantan, Kelantan, Terengganu, KK and Kuching have no market values. Instead of waste transmission costs to launch frequency in non-business areas, BFM and most of radio stations launch mobile apps. People who stayed outside of these business area can listen to BFM via mobile app, even around the world.
   
Mobile app radio is very popular around the world nowadays. In Malaysia, we cannot expect every listener will tune the radio stations via mobile app because many of us still rely on FM radio to listen to stations. Listen to FM radio stations does not pay any cash to broadcasters, but listeners may need to pay their internet data when listen to mobile app radio because it relies on internet.

tunein.com is also one of mobile app radio around the world.

Rather than DAB+, most of the car audio system manufacturers never come out with DAB+ radio band, instead they add "Bluetooth" and AUX features with FM-AM radio, even Apple and Android launch their "Apple CarPlay" and "Android Auto" in the car audio system. Most of today car radio comes with Apple CarPlay and Android Smart Link. With these advance features, listeners can enjoy listening the station via mobile app without any interruptions in the car.

Some of cheaper multimedia players never feature with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto, instead the audio system comes with Bluetooth. So, listeners can use mobile app to connect Bluetooth on multimedia system in the car. Next, even home HiFi or microsystem also feature with Bluetooth function.

Without Bluetooth function, mobile app radio still can be connected via AUX cable in most of older audio system.

Download mobile app radio to the smartphone is mostly free, but listen to the radio via mobile app is not fully free of charge because it requires mobile internet data, but it depends on the listeners mobile data monthly plan.

Due to popularity of mobile app radio, I suggest that telecommunications company like Maxis, DiGi, Celcom, and U Mobile should increase more data quota to fill up mobile app radio usage. Such as monthly RM38 12GB data (2GB Youtube+ 2GB Facebook+4GB data)+4GB radio app data.

DAB stands for digital audio broadcasting, we can name it in many terms.

- Terrestrial known as DAB-T+
- Digital satellite radio as DAB-S
- Digital cable radio as DAB-C
- Digital mobile app radio as "DAB-MA"
- Digital online streaming radio as "DAB-IR"

In conclusion, I think that mobile app radio is more relevant than DAB+ in Malaysia.

City Plus FM 106.0MHz transmission commentaries

City Plus FM, a Malaysia first ever Chinese business radio station officially broadcasted on 2nd May 2017 on FM 106.0MHz.

City Plus FM mainly targets large business areas such as Klang Valley as Klang Valley is Malaysia no.1 high commercial region as Kuala Lumpur is Malaysia's capital.

Regarding its transmission and coverage, it is very special and unusual. City Plus FM 106.0MHz is not transmitted from Klang Valley, but Negeri Sembilan, where Seremban frequency is distant signal (DX) in Klang Valley.

There are some listeners complaining about City Plus FM reception problem. Dear everyone, for your information, City Plus FM 106.0MHz is transmitted from Gunung Telapak Burok, where "106.0MHz" was formerly used by Red FM (Red 104.9MHz).

Red FM had Negeri Sembilan frequency 106.0MHz in the past, that makes me very impressive. I was used to listen to Red FM on 106.0MHz, but it was closed down since June 2009.

Here has Q&As about City Plus FM transmission issues as well as commentaries:

Q1: All radio stations can be heard clearly in Klang Valley, why can't City Plus FM be received clearly in Klang Valley?

A1: Originally City Plus FM attempted to locate transmitter in Gunung Ulu Kali due to its strategic site (high elevation), Gunung Ulu Kali covers Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, South Perak and West Pahang mainly, but Negeri Sembilan, Melaka and some Johor areas are able to receive from Gunung Ulu Kali signal, just weak reception. According to them, I was informed that Gunung Ulu Kali tower has no space anymore. Same goes to other radio stations like Kool FM, Bernama Radio and IM4U FM, they're forced to transmit from Bukit Sungai Besi and KL Tower for Klang Valley.

Q2: Somebody suggested that City Plus FM to increase its current transmitter 106.0MHz Gunung Telapak Burok to 5kW and 10kW, but why doesn't MCMC allow this?

A2: Until today, there are none of Gunung Telapak Burok radio stations occupying transmission power more than 2kW yet, even RTM Gunung Telapak Burok radio stations only increased from 0.1kW to 1kW since December 2009 (fully upgraded). Malaysia Communications And Multimedia Commission (MCMC) never allow any Gunung Telapak Burok radio stations to increase power beyond 2kW due to certain conditions. First condition is most of Gunung Telapak Burok radio stations have frequency separation about 200-300kHz with Gunung Ulu Kali, even City Plus FM 106.0MHz has 300kHz with Lite FM 105.7MHz Gunung Ulu Kali. According to MCMC, 400kHz frequency separation between Gunung Telapak Burok and Gunung Ulu Kali is the best. High pass filter is required if separation is below than 400kHz.

Gunung Telapak Burok does not only cover Negeri Sembilan, its transmission can be gone to Klang Valley, Melaka, Central Pahang and North Johor, even some Indonesia territories can receive from Telapak Burok.

Second condition is increasing of transmission power beyond 2kW may interfere to existing radio stations coverage. Here is the radio frequency analysis below:

105.7MHz: Lite FM Gunung Ulu Kali
106.0MHz: City Plus FM Gunung Telapak Burok
<300kHz>

106.0MHz: City Plus FM Gunung Telapak Burok
106.1MHz: Ai FM Bukit Pelindung
<100kHz>

According to RF analysis above, imagine if City Plus FM 106.0MHz occupies power beyond 2kW, it may interfere Ai FM and Lite FM within coverage areas. So, Lite FM and Ai FM listeners may face listening problems within Klang Valley and East Pahang respectively due to interference with City Plus FM within coverage areas respectively.

Third condition is about internationally transmission. If a Indonesia radio station (Pekanbaru, Dumai and surrounding areas) which locate closely to West Coast of Malaysia occupies 105.9, 106.0 or 106.1, City Plus FM 106.0 can interfere Indonesia radio stations' coverage areas.

Q3: Besides Gunung Ulu Kali, there are another lower sites which can cover Klang Valley like Bukit Sungai Besi and Kuala Lumpur Tower, why doesn't City Plus FM transmit from there?

A3: Unoccupied frequencies are very limited in Klang Valley. Although Bukit Sungai Besi and Kuala Lumpur Tower can cover Klang Valley, even reception in Kuala Lumpur is clearer than Gunung Ulu Kali due to nearer site, but Bukit Sungai Besi and Kuala Lumpur coverage are very limited.

There is FM 91.9MHz where likely can be occupied in Bukit Sungai Besi or KL Tower. In my opinion, I don't think 91.9MHz is not suitable to be located in Bukit Sungai Besi because it is very closed to Gunung Telapak Burok 91.7MHz, even Bukit Sungai Besi has no further distance from Gunung Telapak Burok. If City Plus FM occupied 91.9MHz in Bukit Sungai Besi, it will be interfered by 91.7MHz Telapak Burok in some Klang Valley areas itself.

FM 91.9MHz is more suitable to be located in KL Tower, but as today, none of commercial radio stations even IM4UFM located transmitters in KL Tower because of its reception quality in outskirt of KL. Plus, KL Tower is owned by RTM.

I speculated City Plus FM uses Gunung Telapak Burok 106.0MHz, instead of Bukit Sungai Besi because they are seeking for wider coverage areas, instead of clearer reception by using nonstrategic locations like Bukit Sungai Besi that I mentioned above.

Bukit Sungai Besi and Kuala Lumpur Tower can be received in Klang Valley and Nilai of Negeri Sembilan only, but Gunung Telapak Burok can be received in Negeri Sembilan, Klang Valley (southern part is clear), Melaka, North Johor (only Tangkak, Muar and Segamat), as well as Central Pahang.

If Gunung Ulu Kali tower still has space, City Plus FM transmit there on FM 106.1MHz to cover Klang Valley, Negeri Sembilan, South Perak, West Pahang, parts of Melaka and some Johor areas.

In conclusion, hereby I only voice out my comments and opinions, but MCMC is the key regulator to manage the spectrum allocation.

解答City Plus FM巴生谷, 森美蘭頻率FM 106MHz的收線和發射素質

馬來西亞首家財經電台City Plus FM在2017年5月2日正式啟播, 在巴生谷, 森美蘭, 馬六甲, 柔佛東北部和彭亨中部的頻率為FM 106.0MHz..

節目方面, 我個人不會在這兒說出任何意見因為這個部落格是主要談到廣播技術事宜.
 
City Plus FM主要鎖定的地區是大城市,和財經商業地區... 巴生河流域是他們的主要鎖定地區因為此地區是馬來西亞國內企業公司佔第一的區域.

基本上, 我們以為City Plus FM在巴生谷的收聽頻道會跟其他電台如one FM 88.1MHz, My FM 101.8MHz, Ai FM 106.7MHz, 988 FM 98.8MHz, Melody FM 103.0MHz這麼清楚. 其實City Plus FM 106.0MHz在巴生谷的收線素質不像其他電台這麼理想..

據了解, City Plus FM 106.0MHz的發射地點不是跟My FM 101.8MHz一樣, 但City Plus FM 106.0MHz是跟My FM森美蘭頻率100.6MHz的發射地點一樣.

City Plus FM剛剛啟播, 我也追蹤它的臉書專頁, 同時發現到有些網友對City Plus FM 106.0MHz的線路感到超級不滿意...

City Plus FM 106.0MHz是從森美蘭Gunung Telapak Burok發射, 但主要覆蓋範圍是在森美蘭 (除了淡邊), 巴生谷南部和馬六甲西部.

這兒會有Q&A:

Q1: 為甚麼City Plus FM巴生谷頻率是在森美蘭發射, 而不是雪蘭莪/吉隆坡境內的發射站?

A1: 巴生谷電台主要發射站是坐落在彭亨雲頂高原的Gunung Ulu Kali, 是中馬區域最戰略的發射站, 因為高度有1774米. Gunung Ulu Kali是中馬區域最高的山峰, 覆蓋了不少地區. Gunung Ulu Kali主要的覆蓋地區有吉隆坡, 雪蘭莪, 霹靂南部, 與彭亨中西部. 森美蘭, 馬六甲部分地區, 柔佛東北部分地區還是可以收到Gunung Ulu Kali的訊號. City Plus FM無法在Gunung Ulu Kali設有頻道來覆蓋巴生谷因為發射塔空間不足, 雖然空缺頻率還是存在的. Gunung Ulu Kali這麼戰略的發射地點, 是廣播者最想要使用的地區.

除了City Plus FM, 馬來西亞還有幾家電台也面對以上的問題, 如首要媒體的Kool FM, 馬新社電台FM 93.9MHz和一個馬來西亞青年志願團IM4U FM 107.9MHz. 兩年前, 我曾經跟馬來西亞多媒體委員會其中一個官員討論, 談為何當時的Ultra FM 101.3MHz (現在為Kool FM), Bernama Radio 93.9MHz和IM4U FM 107.9Mhz不是在Gunung Ulu Kali發射. 然後他說Gunung Ulu Kali發射塔沒有空間, 發射塔已經無法支援新發射器. 之後, 我建議這三家電台在Bukit Cincin發射, 他說廣播者不喜歡在Bukit Cincin發射, 主要原因是發射塔是屬於Celcom天地通. 加上Celcom已經沒有提供廣播傳輸服務. 馬來西亞伊斯蘭研究所電台Ikim FM巴生谷頻率91.5之前在Bukit Cincin發射, 過去幾年Ikim FM聽眾面對收聽問題, 有時發射出問題, 除了91.5之外, Ikim FM北馬頻率89.0MHz之前也長期面臨發射問題. 自從2016年6月初, Ikim FM的頻率發射服務都轉向馬電訊TM, 意思指Ikim FM使用TM的發射塔.

Q2: 有人建議City Plus FM把Gunung Telapak Burok 106.0MHz的發射功率增加至5kW和10kW, 但是為甚麼MCMC馬來西亞多媒體委員會不允許這麼做呢?

A2:目前沒有任何一家電台在Gunung Telapak Burok的發射功率是超過2kW. MCMC不允許任何電台在Gunung Telapak Burok的發射功率超過2kW因為會導致對其他電台干擾. 實際上Gunung Telapak Burok和Gunung Ulu Kali的頻率距離必須至少400kHz會比較好, 但是大部分的電台的距離依然200kHz,和300kHz. 想下, 如果City Plus FM的Gunung Telapak Burok頻率106.0Mhz是5kW或10kW, 這可以對其他電台產生嚴重干擾, 除非對方安裝高通過濾器 (high pass filter).

Gunung Telapak Burok的發射除了可以到馬六甲, 柔佛北部, 彭亨中部和巴生谷之外, 也可以到印尼部分地區...

==頻率分析==

105.7MHz: Lite FM Gunung Ulu Kali
106.0MHz: City Plus FM Gunung Telapak Burok (5或10kW)
<300kHz>

106.0MHz: City Plus FM Gunung Telapak Burok (5或10kW)
106.1MHz: 愛FM Bukit Pelindung
<100kHz>

以上的頻率分析, 如果City Plus FM使用功率超過2kW, Lite FM 105.7MHz和愛FM 106.1MHz會在各自的覆蓋範圍內受到干擾. 這意味著對方的聽眾在覆蓋範圍內收聽電台時因為受到干擾而面臨收聽問題..

Q3: 除了Gunung Ulu Kali之外, 巴生谷境內還有兩個發射站Bukit Sungai Besi和吉隆坡塔, 為何City Plus FM不適用這些地區發射呢?

A3: 雖然Bukit Sungai Besi或吉隆坡塔可以覆蓋巴生谷, 甚至在吉隆坡境內的收線素質超越Gunung Ulu Kali, 但是覆蓋範圍依然有限制, 然後不比Gunung Ulu Kali發射範圍來得大. 實際上, Bukit Sungai Besi或吉隆坡塔的頻率依然有限.

如果City Plus FM在巴生谷境內的發射站開設FM 91.9MHz, Bukit Sungai Besi不是很適合91.9MHz因為太靠近91.7MHz Gunung Telapak Burok. Bukit Sungai Besi離Gunung Telapak Burok不會很遠, 就算91.9Mhz可以通過, 但是City Plus FM 91.9MHz Bukit Sungai Besi或KL Tower 還是依然會在巴生谷一些地區自己受到91.7的干擾

目前沒有任何私營廣播者在KL Tower有頻率.. KL Tower可說是屬於RTM的, 在吉隆坡以外的地區收線素質未必好. 比如我在巴生谷境內 (吉隆坡以外)聽Traxx FM 90.3MHz [雪蘭莪沙亞南, 蒲種, 巴生], 線路未必清楚, 但是100.1MHz Gunung Ulu Kali在這兒很清楚.

 

 

如果Gunung Ulu Kali 發射塔還有空間, City Plus FM可以在那兒發射... 可以用FM 106.1MHz覆蓋巴生谷, 霹靂南部, 彭亨中西部, 森美蘭, 和馬六甲部分地區....

Bukit Larut vs. Medan RF analysis

Bukit Larut vs. Medan (co-channel)

Analogue TV
CH31: NTV7 Bukit Larut and Global TV Medan
CH41: TV3 Bukit Larut and Trans7 TV Medan
CH47: TV2 Bukit Larut and TVRI Medan

Radio:

FM 101.0MHz: 988 Bukit Larut and Binuang FM Medan
FM 93.2MHz: City Plus FM Bukit Larut and JFM Medan (my proposal)**

**Purposely beam to Penang direction.

City Plus FM Bukit Larut 93.1MHz coverage analysis

City Plus FM Bukit Larut coverage analysis

a. 30-100 dBuV/m (Yellow: 30-40dBuV/m; Green: 40-100dBuV/m)

b. 40-100dBuV/m (Yellow: 40-54dBuV/m; Green: 54-100dBuV/m)

c. 48-100dBuV/m (Yellow: 48-54dBuV/m; Green: 54-100dBuV/m)

 

==My suggestion on City Plus FM parameters==

Frequency: 93.1MHz

Power: 2kW

Antenna height: 120m

Antenna gain: 6.4dBi

Height above sea level: 1349m 

Targeting areas: North Perak and Penang

City Plus FM檳城頻道建議 (Part 2)

City Plus FM現在已經在巴生谷, 森美蘭, 馬六甲/柔佛/彭亨部分地區和古晉廣播.

巴生谷, 芙蓉, 古晉對這家電台是非常重要的地區, 因為這些地區屬於財經工業黃金地區, 也是中小型企業多的地區.

除了這三個地區, 新山和檳城也是城市, 但是這兩個地區的頻率是很難尋找. 就算有一些頻率,也未必可以發射因為可能導致對其他電台做出干擾.

新山就肯定無法尋找適當的頻率, 原本剩下的89.3和96.3已經歸新加坡報業集團, 這兩家新電台都會在2017年12月使用這些頻率.

檳城方面也很難, 之前的建議 (City Plus FM 檳城頻道建議 Part 1, 請參見: https://philipdxinglog.blogspot.my/2016/11/cityplusfm-penang-frequency-suggestion.html)也未必可以使用. 4個建議頻率和發射站, 101.7MHz Bukit Penara基本上可以使用, 但實際上RTM都不肯把這個頻率讓給City Plus FM的, 除非雙方關係密切, 肯互相交換那種.

想下如果City Plus FM向RTM購買101.7MHz, 頭一年的費用和開支是很昂貴的.

忽略FM 101.7MHz, 實際上Bukit Penara和Gunung Jerai是沒有頻率可以覆蓋檳城. Seberang Jaya還有一些頻率, 可是會對其他電台干擾. Bukit Palong方面, 發射覆蓋範圍也未必可以來到檳城, 不是所有喬治市也未必收到, 談到商業價值, Bukit Palong還是輸家的.

Bukit Penara, Gunung Jerai沒有頻率, Seberang Jaya頻率又怕干擾其他電台, Bukit Palong又未必能覆蓋檳城和沒有商業價值, Bukit Genting只能覆蓋檳島西南部, 也是在檳城收到最差的一個. 怎麼辦?

在北馬地區的電台發射站, 主要覆蓋檳城, 吉打, 玻璃市的Gunung Jerai的高度是最高, 但是還有一個發射站比Gunung Jerai還要高的一座山, 這座山也可以覆蓋檳城地區, 那就是霹靂太平的Bukit Larut, 英文名為Maxwell Hill, 高度為1349m. 如果把Bukit Larut列進北馬電台發射站, Bukit Larut是北馬區域最高的山.

頻率方面, Bukit Larut頻率還是有限的, 目前剩下93.1MHz和105.7MHz.

2013年9月, 我有列出Bukit Larut的空頻率. 88.8MHz, 92.4MHz, 93.1MHz, 和105.7MHz. 前兩個頻率都已經不可使用, 會干擾其他電台.

Nasional FM在2014年在霹靂Bukit Ladang Teh設有霹靂玲瓏頻道, 頻率為92.3MHz, 那時候Asyik FM也在當地設有頻道, 97.3MHz, 兩者功率為0.5kW. 我在2015年10月才知道這個事情, 所以我就把92.4MHz從Bukit Larut空頻率列表刪除.

另外的88.8MHz. 當時我列出88.8的時候, Ikim FM 89.0MHz只是在Lower Gunung Jerai (低峰), 那時候是無法覆蓋檳城和霹靂北部. 自從2016年6月, Ikim FM 89.0MHz就從Upper Gunung Jerai 發射, 覆蓋範圍已經能覆蓋太平和霹靂北部. 如果88.8MHz在Bukit Larut使用, Ikim FM 89.0MHz在太平和霹靂北部被干擾.

現在談談93.2MHz和105.7MHz,

這兩個頻率, 如果City Plus FM要用Bukit Larut頻率向檳城方向發射, 93.2MHz會比較適合使用. FM 105.7MHz方面, 其實這個頻率還沒有定案的, 因為2017年2月未, 剛加入Astro的Capital FM突然把現有的檳城頻率107.6MHz改去105.6MHz, 那時候我感到非常驚訝, 我當時懷疑Astro的Capital FM企圖把107.6MHz改去105.6MHz, 連發射站改去Gunung Jerai. 最終這家電台可能因為105.6MHz干擾Kedah FM蘭卡威頻率105.7MHz而被下令也改回去107.6MHz.

如果City Plus FM用105.7MHz Bukit Larut向檳城發射未必帶好效果, 除了對Kedah FM 105.7MHz Gunung Raya在蘭卡威干擾之外, 檳城喬治市和附近地區聽眾可能會聽到嚴重干擾訊號, 因為Kedah FM 105.7MHz Gunung Raya也可以在檳城島嶼收到訊號, 只是線路弱. 如果加City Plus FM Bukit Larut 105.7MHz, 檳城聽眾在車內會聽到兩家電台一直跳台的訊號, 在A路是City Plus, B路變成Kedah FM, C路變回City Plus FM, 不然兩個電台一起.

93.2MHz方面會比較會好些.

==City Plus FM檳城/霹靂頻率建議==
建議頻率: 93.2MHz
功率: 2kW或3.5kW
發射地點: 霹靂Bukit Larut
高度: 1349m
發射天線高度: 115-120米

==頻率分析==

92.8MHz: Hitz FM Gunung Jerai
93.1MHz: City Plus FM Bukit Larut
<300kHz, OK>

93.0MHz: Radio Thailand Betong (勿洞)
93.1MHz: City Plus FM Bukit Larut
<100kHz, OK>

93.1MHz: City Plus FM Bukit Larut
93.3MHz: Minnal FM Bukit Palong
<200kHz, OK>

93.1MHz: Nasional FM Gunung Brinchang
93.1MHz: City Plus FM Bukit Larut
<0kHz, OK>

93.1MHz: City Plus FM Bukit Larut
93.25MHz: MCOT Satun (泰國沙敦)
<150kHz, OK>

根據以上的頻率分析, FM 93.1MHz Bukit Larut基本上是沒有問題. 雖然93.1MHz Bukit Larut和MCOT Satun 93.25MHz的距離只區區150kHz, 但是干擾方面應該不會出問題, 因為MCOT Satun 93.25MHz只是覆蓋泰國沙敦府, 但是馬來西亞蘭卡威, 玻璃市和吉打部分地區依然可以收到這家電台. Bukit Larut沒有涉及馬來西亞-泰國邊界國際電台頻率協調 (Malaysia-Thailand border frequency international coordination)

對Bukit Palong的分析方面, City Plus FM 93.1MHz Bukit Larut應該不會對Minnal FM 93.3MHz Bukit Palong在吉打華玲和霹靂高烏做出干擾, 實質上Minnal FM在這兩個地區還有一些另類頻率, 例如96.7MHz Gunung Jerai (全北馬地區)和107.5MHz Bukit Dedap (主要覆蓋範圍: 吉打錫地區). 另外兩家Bukit Larut電台也跟Bukit Palong電台同個頻率, 那是90.5和91.7, 在檳城收線情況是很糟糕的

City Plus FM 93.1MHz Bukit Larut對Nasional FM金馬倫高原頻率93.1MHz Gunung Brinchang在金馬倫內是沒有干擾, 因為RTM的金馬倫電台頻率都是使用小火發射器.

Bukit Larut有一個優點, 它也成為Gunung Jerai和Bukit Penara其中一個另類發射站, 只是Bukit Larut無法覆蓋吉打中部和玻璃市.

Bukit Larut除了覆蓋太平和霹靂北部之外, 它能覆蓋霹靂中部一些地區, 檳城島嶼東部, 威省中南部, 和吉打南部. City Plus FM用Bukit Larut向西北部發射方向發射應該沒有問題... 如果93.2MHz對Satun, Bkt Palong和印尼梅蘭Medan電台做出干擾, 唯一可以換去93.1MHz, 但是93.2應該不會對其他電台產生干擾.

City Plus FM Bukit Larut估計覆蓋範圍:

1. 霹靂
- 太平, 瓜拉江沙, Padang Rengas, 司南馬, 巴里文打, Bagan Serai, Semanggol, 十八丁, 馬登, 直弄, 甘文丁, Batu Kurau, 瓜拉古樓

2. 檳城
- 高淵, Jawi, 大山腳, Juru, 北海, 峇六拜, 喬治市, 北賴Perai, Teluk Kumbar, Gelugor

3. 吉打
- 萬拉巴魯Bandar Baharu

3. 還可以收到的地區:
- 霹靂金寶, 怡保部分地區, 新邦波賴, 華都雅也, 實兆遠, Pulau Pangkor, Lumut, 愛大華, 安順.

Terengganu FM Bukit Pelindung for South Terengganu

Currently Terengganu FM operates two frequencies within Kemaman districts, there are FM 90.0MHz Cerul, and newly 2015 launched FM 90.7MHz Bukit Kemuning for Kemaman/Chukai.

FM 90.7MHz Bukit Kemuning mainly covers Kemaman towns like Chukai, Kemasik, Kijal and Kerteh.

FM 90.0MHz Cerul only for FELDA Cerul and FELDA Ceneh.

With two transmitters in Kemaman, few of areas like FELDA Neram, Perasing and Jabor cannot receive Terengganu FM on 90.0 and 90.7MHz.

These areas actually receive signal from Bukit Pelindung are better.

To save transmission costs, RTM should launch one transmitter in Bukit Pelindung for Terengganu FM on 105.7MHz to cover South Terengganu. Bukit Pelindung 105.7MHz can replace 90.0Mhz Cerul and 90.7Mhz Kemuning.

RTM Terengganu FM should use directional antenna in Bukit Pelindung on FM 105.7MHz and beam the signal to north direction (Terengganu) in order to cover there well.

Other RTM radio stations in Kemaman, Cerul, Ceneh, Neram, and Perasing received from Bukit Pelindung.

==RTM Terengganu FM Bukit Pelindung parameters==
Frequency: FM 105.7MHz
Power: 2kW
Transmitter site: Bukit Pelindung
Target areas: FELDA Neram, Jabor, Perasing, FELDA Cerul, FELDA Ceneh, Kemaman, Chukai.

==RF analysis of Terengganu FM Perasing frequency==

105.7MHz: Terengganu FM Bukit Pelindung
105.9MHz: Lite FM Bukit Besar
(200kHz, OK)

105.7MHz: Terengganu FM Bukit Pelindung
105.7MHz: Lite FM Gunung Ulu Kali
(0kHz, OK)

105.3MHz: Traxx FM Bukit Pelindung
105.7MHz: Terengganu FM Bukit Pelindung
106.1MHz: Ai FM Bukit Pelindung
(400kHz +/-, OK)

==Coverage analysis of Terengganu FM Bukit Pelindung frequency FM 105.7MHz==

With Terengganu FM 105.7MHz Bukit Pelindung, it does not only cover South Terengganu, but Kuantan, Beserah, Cherating, and Balok will become bonus coverage areas.

==Terengganu FM frequencies==
* 88.7MHz Bukit Besar for Kuala Terengganu, Setiu, Hulu Terengganu, Marang
* 96.2MHz Bukit Bintang for Besut, and parts of Kelantan
* 97.7MHz Bukit Bauk for Dungun, Paka, Kemasik, Kijal
* 88.9MHz FELDA Tenang for Hulu Besut
* 105.7MHz Bukit Pelindung for Kemaman, Perasing, FELDA Cerul, FELDA Neram, Ceneh and parts of East Pahang (my new proposal)
* 90.7MHz Bukit Kemuning for Chukai, Kemaman (suggest to be replaced by 105.7MHz Bukit Pelindung)
* 90.0MHz FELDA Cherul for Cerul (suggest to be replaced by 105.7MHz Bukit Pelindung)

Astro acquired Capital FM changed Penang frequency 105.6MHz?

In the past, FM 107.6MHz was used by Red FM and Capital FM in Bukit Penara for Penang. Both stations were ceased and acquired by Astro on 30 December 2016. They began starting trial transmission from 30 December 2016.

On 27th February 2017, one of my friend in Taiping cannot receive the test transmission which playing rock music on FM 107.6MHz anymore, but he can receive the station on FM 105.6MHz.

Capital FM 107.6MHz left empty today.

I guess that Astro may abandon using FM 107.6MHz because they want to expand greater Northern region of Peninsular Malaysia by locating the station from Gunung Jerai. I was surprised of this breaking news. I was thinking how comes Astro can broadcast its test transmission in Penang, Kedah on FM 105.6MHz because Kedah FM is using FM 105.7MHz in Gunung Raya too. Imagine if 105.6MHz is still transmitted from Bkt Penara, I think it will have interference with Kedah FM 105.7MHz in Penang.

Actually Gunung Jerai is more strategic than Bukit Penara, that may be the reason why Astro stopped using Capital FM 107.6MHz Bukit Penara.

The changing of the frequency by Astro already involved RTM Kedah FM Gunung Raya 105.7MHz. I trust that Kedah FM also will change its Gunung Raya frequency.

==RF analysis of 105.6MHz==

105.6MHz: Astro test transmission Gunung Jerai
105.9MHz: Traxx FM Bukit Dedap/UUM Sintok
(300kHz, OK)

105.3MHz: Traxx FM Bukit Larut
105.6MHz: Astro test transmission Gunung Jerai
(300kHz, OK)

In my opinion, I think the spectrum of Kedah FM Langkawi frequency spacing is too large. It is better if Kedah FM Langkawi frequency to locate 100kHz from Bukit Larut as it targets Langkawi only.

Empty frequencies are here for Kedah FM Gunung Raya: 91.4MHz, 105.3MHz, 106.2MHz

105.3MHz is not suitable because 50kHz with Thailand Satun radio, but 91.4MHz is slightly ok.

106.2MHz is the best anyway.

If Kedah FM Gunung Raya changed to 106.0MHz or 106.1MHz, interference with Thailand radio stations.

106.0MHz is occupied in Songkhla by a radio station where coverage is wide as Thailand public stations like NBT and MCOT.

106.2MHz is better than 106.0MHz and 106.1MHz. Here are the RF analysis:

106.0MHz: Songkhla
106.2MHz: Kedah FM Gunung Raya
(200kHz, OK)

106.2MHz: Kedah FM Gunung Raya
106.5MHz: Melody FM Gunung Jerai
(300kHz, OK)

106.1MHz: RTM Ai FM Bukit Larut
106.2MHz: RTM Kedah FM Gunung Raya
(100kHz, OK)

106.2MHz: Kedah FM Gunung Raya
106.25MHz: MCOT Trang
(50kHz, OK)

Anyway, I still need verification from Astro Radio Sdn Bhd for this matter.

In past few years, 105.7MHz was used to be made few proposal for different radio stations by myself, mainly Taiping frequency.

On May 2014 until August 2015, I proposed 105.7MHz Bukit Larut firstly to IKIM FM, then One FM since September 2015 until November 2015. When Media Prima bought Copyright Laureate Sdn Bhd stations and rebranded them to Kool FM on March 2016, I proposed 105.7MHz Bukit Larut to Kool FM. I also submitted the proposal of 105.7MHz Bukit Larut to MCMC, it stated that it is still a pass.

At the end, 105.7MHz is not used by any stations in Bukit Larut, but 105.6MHz is used by Astro today. Unbelievable! Surprised! Shocked!

City Plus FM coverage

City Plus FM is Malaysia's first Chinese business oriented station, also known as Chinese version of BFM 89.9. It is the sister radio station of Kupi-Kupi FM which broadcasts in Sabah.

This radio station currently starts its trial transmission in Kuching on 92.5MHz and Negeri Sembilan on 106.0MHz.

On 28 December 2016, City Plus FM started its trial transmission in South Klang Valley and Negeri Sembilan on FM 106.0MHz in Gunung Telapak Burok. In addition, FM 106.0MHz was formerly used by Red FM until June 2009.

Here is the coverage of City Plus FM:

1. FM 106.0MHz Gunung Telapak Burok

- Negeri Sembilan: Seremban, Senawang, Rantau, Mambau, Bukit Pelanduk, Nilai, Kuala Pilah, Jelebu, Titi, Bahau, Gemas, Gemencheh, Batu Kikir, Simpang Durian, Simpang Pertang, Port Dickson, Johol, Rembau, Pedas, Linggi, Teluk Kemang, Labu, Mantin, Lenggeng, Pantai, Bandar Seri Jempol, Ayer Hitam, Rompin, Felda Serting, Seri Menanti, Tanjung Ipoh, Dangi, FELDA Jelai, FELDA Kepis, FELDA Palong (1-16), Pasir Besar, Pasir Panjang, Si Rusa

- Melaka: Masjid Tanah, Alor Gajah, Melaka City, Lubuk Cina, Kuala Sungai Baru

- Pahang: Temerloh, Teriang, Bandar Bera, Chenor, Maran, Kuala Krau, Lanchang, Mentakab, Karak, Genting Sempah, Keratong, Muadzam Shah, Jengka, Jerantut (partially)

- Johor: Segamat, Batu Anam, Jementah

- Kuala Lumpur: Paritially

- Selangor: Ampang, Sepang, Kajang, Serdang/Seri Kembangan, Cheras, Sungai Buloh, Petaling Jaya, Shah Alam, Kuala Langat, Klang, Dengkil, Sungai Pelek, Banting, Tanjong Sepat, Puchong, Hulu Langat, Semenyih, Teluk Panglima Garang, Jenjarom, Sekinchan, Bukit Rotan, Jeram, Kapar, Meru, Rawang, Subang Jaya, USJ, Kuala Selangor and Tanjong Karang

Tea FM美里和林夢頻率建議

Tea FM是東馬波羅地帶第一家中英文私營電台, 目前在古晉廣播102.7, 亞庇則102.8和詩巫100.7.

目前汶萊除了還可以收聽得到愛FM和Red FM之外, 汶萊目前沒有任何中文私營電台.

為了吸引汶萊華裔聽眾, Tea FM可以在砂拉越美里和林夢設有頻道.

如果Tea FM只是在美里設有頻道是不夠的, 汶萊只有Kuala Belait和Seria可以收聽, 其餘地區則收不到.

如果Tea FM在林夢Bukit Mas設有頻率, 汶萊首都Bandar Seri Begawan可以收到清晰的Tea FM, 當地華裔聽眾又多了一個選擇收聽此電台.

另外如果Tea FM在Bukit Mas的功率是10kW的話, 我認為納閩Labuan部分地區可以收到.

以下都是我對Tea FM美里頻道和林夢頻道做出的建議


==Miri==
頻率: 107.5MHz
功率: 2kW
地點: Bukit Lambir
覆蓋地區: 砂拉越美里, 汶萊Kuala Belait Seria

==Limbang==
頻率: 107.3MHz
功率: 10kW
地點: Bukit Mas
覆蓋: 砂拉越林夢, 汶萊Bandar Seri Begawan和大部分地區, 與納閩部分地區

 

Tea FM在林夢和美里設有頻道後, 可以與汶萊電台產生競爭.

Tea FM詩巫頻道FM 100.7MHz誕生

2016年12月25日,東馬中英文電台Tea FM在詩巫設有頻道, 頻率為FM 100.7MHz.

其實Tea FM是東馬第一家私營電台在詩巫設有頻道, 結束了愛FM, Sibu FM和Red FM的壟斷. 其他中文電台My FM和Melody FM 都還沒有詩巫頻道, 或許市場價值關係.

談到發射地點, 我認為Tea FM 100.7MHz是從Bukit Lima發射, 而不是Bukit Singgalang發射.

Bukit Singgalang的主要覆蓋地區是Setapong, 詩巫方面訊號則不清楚.

聽說一些當地聽眾可以在Sarikei收到Tea FM 100.7MHz, 但是線路不清楚. Sarikei是絕對收不到Bukit Singgalang的訊號.

從Bukit Lima發射的Tea FM 詩巫頻道100.7MHz可以在詩巫可以收聽之外, Setapong和Sarikei部分地區還是可以聽到, 但是線路弱.

發射功率方面, 我認為Tea FM是用2kW. RTM Bukit Lima電台都是0.1kW, 0.25kW... 跟RTM Bukit Lima電台相比, Tea FM詩巫頻道覆蓋範圍比較大.

 

List of Sabah and Sarawak radio stations which can be received in Brunei

Here are the list of Sarawak radio stations which can be received in Brunei.

==Bandar Seri Begawan, Serasa, Muara==

- FM 88.7MHz: Cats FM
- FM 97.1MHz: Radio Klasik
- FM 98.1MHz: Nasional FM
- FM 101.5MHz: Sarawak FM
- FM 102.3MHz: Traxx FM
- FM 103.3MHz: Ai FM
- FM 104.1MHz: RTM Red FM
- FM 104.9MHz: Limbang FM

* From Bukit Mas

 

- FM 97.9MHz: Sabah FM (Bukit Tampalagus)

- FM 102.9MHz: Sabah VFM (Bukit Tampalagus)


==Kuala Belait, Seria==
- FM 96.6MHz: SINAR FM 

- FM 88.1MHz: Sarawak FM
- FM 88.9MHz: Traxx FM
- FM 89.9MHz: Ai FM
- FM 91.9MHz: Radio Klasik
- FM 92.3MHz: Nasional FM
- FM 90.7MHz: RTM Red FM
- FM 93.3MHz: Cats FM
- FM 95.7MHz: Miri FM

- FM 101.3MHz: Era 
- FM 102.4MHz: Melody FM
- FM 103.2MHz: MY FM
- FM 104.0MHz: IKIM FM (from Tg Lobang)
- FM 105.8MHz: hitz FM

**From Bukit Lambir

one FM vs. Kool FM芙蓉頻道

Kool FM是馬來西亞首要媒體旗下一家鎖定25-40歲聽眾的馬來語電台,也是首要媒體中文電台one FM的姐妹台.

目前Kool FM在巴生谷, 登嘉樓, 檳城, 吉打, 吉蘭丹廣播. 去年2016年7月, Kool FM則在瓜拉登嘉樓廣播, 頻率為FM 93.6MHz (Bukit Besar). 2016年10月, 則在吉蘭丹哥打巴魯和吉打亞羅士打廣播, 頻率分為FM 88.6MHz (Peringat)和FM 107.3MHz (亞羅士打塔).

今年2017年, 本人認為Kool FM會擴大廣播範圍至霹靂 (怡保和太平), 關丹, 芙蓉, 馬六甲, 柔佛, 東馬.

談到芙蓉頻道, 之前我曾經提及Gunung Telapak Burok剩下的空頻率是102.1MHz和106.0MHz.

我曾經建議102.1MHz給One FM, 106.0MHz則給Kool FM, 但是來到2016年10月28日, 出乎意料的是有家中文財經電台, 是CityPlus FM在森美蘭Gunung Telapak Burok進行試播, 並覆蓋森美蘭 (除了淡邊), 馬六甲部分地區, 柔佛部分地區, 彭亨部分地區, 巴生谷南部, 頻率為FM 106.0MHz.

現在CityPlus FM已經使用106.0MHz

剩下的森美蘭電台頻道可以被使用的是FM 102.1MHz, 但是看市場而定.

==Kool FM vs. One FM==

芙蓉頻道方面, 因為森美蘭州的馬來人比華人多, 馬來電台在森美蘭的市場價值肯定比中文電台高. 我本身覺得102.1MHz給Kool FM在Gunung Telapak Burok使用會比較適合, 因為馬來市場在森美蘭是很好的.

one FM森美蘭地區只是鎖定芙蓉地區, 其他地區對他們而言不是很重要.

CityPlus FM使用了106.0MHz之後, 我相信one FM是無法在Gunung Telapak Burok發射芙蓉頻道的, one FM多數永遠只是在芙蓉Bukit Gun發射88.3MHz.

one FM在森美蘭芙蓉以外的其他地區如庇勞, 馬口, 林茂, 波德申, 葫蘆頂, 瓜拉格拉旺都是需要通過88.1MHz收聽. one FM Gunung Ulu Kali和Gunung Ledang頻率都是用88.1MHz, 所以森美蘭地區肯定會聽到微小的雜音, 但是干擾不會很高, 因為88.1MHz都是同樣的電台. 

芙蓉地區和附近地區則是88.3MHz.

最後, 看今年2017年會有電台會在森美蘭使用102.1MHz嗎? 看應該是馬來電台吧!

去年2016年10月, 102.1MHz在雪邦使用為F1賽事廣播評論電台, 但只是F1季節.. 其實如果Kool FM使用了102.1MHz, 雪邦F1賽事廣播評論電台可以轉去使用90.8MHz.

BFM Seremban frequency analysis

In Seremban, traditionally all the radio stations are transmitted from Gunung Telapak Burok, perhaps it is a strategic site for Negeri Sembilan.

Previously, there is only two vacant frequencies left which can be used in Gunung Telapak Burok, there are FM 102.1MHz and FM 106.0MHz.

On 28 October 2016, FM 106.0MHz was used by City Plus FM (Cense Media Sdn Bhd) in Gunung Telapak Burok. City Plus FM is the Malaysia's first Chinese business oriented radio station.

FM 102.1MHz can be used by another radio station in Gunung Telapak Burok, Kool FM could be the possible, I guessed.

For BFM Seremban frequency, I don't think there is available to be used in Gunung Telapak Burok because those frequencies like 90.1, 99.1, 99.9 and 105.5 are not suitable.

I proposed FM 90.1MHz for BFM Seremban frequency planning. Here is the RF analysis if I put FM 90.1MHz in Gunung Telapak Burok

90.1MHz: BFM Gunung Telapak Burok
90.3MHz: Traxx FM KL Tower
90.5MHz: Minnal FM Gunung Telapak Burok
(200kHz left right, interference in Klang Valley)

90.1MHz: BFM Gunung Telapak Burok
90.3MHz: Era FM Gunung Ledang
90.5MHz: Minnal FM Gunung Telapak Burok
(200kHz left right, interference in Melaka)

89.7MHz: Ai FM Gunung Telapak Burok
89.9MHz: BFM Gunung Ulu Kali
90.1MHz: BFM Gunung Telapak Burok
(200kHz left right, interference in Klang Valley and Negeri Sembilan)
 
Bukit Gan is the site can be used to cover Seremban, but coverage is limited for Seremban, it is not wide as Gunung Telapak Burok, where can cover 80% of Negeri Sembilan areas.

==Here is my suggestion on parameter of BFM Seremban frequency==

Frequency: FM 90.1MHz
Power: 0.5kW
Transmitter site: Bukit Gan, Seremban

Bukit Senggora empty FM frequencies analysis

In Bukit Senggora, there has some empty frequencies.

Here are the list of empty FM frequencies, based on FM scanning and spectrum condition:

- FM 93.7MHz
- FM 99.7MHz
- FM 100.7MHz
- FM 104.4MHz

1. FM 93.7MHz

- 200kHz with FM 93.9MHz. If Bernama Radio24 transmits from Gunung Ulu Kali on 93.9MHz, FM 93.7MHz cannot be received clearly in Temerloh from Bukit Senggora, even no signal.
- 100kHz with FM 93.6MHz Gunung Ledang. Not clear in Temerloh

2. FM 99.7MHz
- 400kHz with Gunung Ulu Kali 99.3MHz and 100.1MHz
- 300kHz with Bukit Pelindung 100.0MHz
- 200kHz with Gunung Telapak Burok FM 99.5MHz
- Suitable for gap filler stations (RTM Ai FM Bukit Senggora)
- My suggested frequency for Ai FM Bukit Senggora as current 89.6MHz interferes with IKIM FM Bukit Pelindung in areas between Kuantan and Maran

3. FM 100.7MHz
- 200kHz with Gunung Ulu Kali 100.9MHz
- 300kHz with Bukit Pelindung 100.4MHz
- 100kHz with Gunung Telapak Burok FM 100.6MHz
- Suitable for gap filler stations (RTM Minnal FM Bukit Senggora)
- My suggested frequency for Minnal FM Bukit Senggora as current 90.4MHz interferes with IKIM FM Bukit Pelindung in areas between Kuantan and Maran
- Previously suggested for THR Gegar, but it seems not effective much because Temerloh receives My FM 100.6MHz Gn Telapak Burok signal.

4. FM 104.4MHz
- 300kHz with Gunung Ulu Kali 104.1MHz
- 300kHz with Bukit Pelindung 104.1MHz and 104.7MHz
- 100kHz with Gunung Telapak Burok 104.6MHz
- Suitable for commercial broadcasting like THR Gegar.

Previously I had published about my opinion of THR Gegar Bukit Senggora frequency for Central Pahang like Temerloh, Maran, Jengka, Mentakab and Bera on FM 100.7MHz. During Pahang trip on Deepavali 2016, I noticed that Temerloh cannot receive any signals from Bukit Senggora by testing Pahang FM 92.0MHz, and Nasional FM 91.2MHz.

RTM Bukit Senggora power is 0.5kW, that's small coverage.

In my opinion, Temerloh may receive Bukit Senggora signal if occupied 2kW.

Imagine if THR Gegar used my former suggested frequency FM 100.7MHz with 2kW power in Bukit Senggora, I don't think Temerloh can receive the station and it will cause interference there as My FM 100.6MHz from Gunung Telapak Burok is still very clear there.

Moreover, frequencies in Central Pahang are limited enough. I don't think it is effective to cover Temerloh and some West Pahang areas if use the frequencies which 200kHz with Gunung Ulu Kali. Basically FM 93.7MHz can be used for commercial broadcasting (2kW) in Bukit Senggora if Bernama Radio never use Gunung Ulu Kali. Inversely, if Bernama Radio use 93.9MHz in Gunung Ulu Kali, FM 93.7MHz Bukit Senggora is not clear in Temerloh.

Another frequency, FM 100.7MHz Bukit Senggora. Selangor FM 100.9MHz Gunung Ulu Kali uses directional antenna to cover Selangor only, meanwhile Pahang is not so clear. Although commercial radio uses FM 100.7MHz Bukit Senggora, it has no problem if 200kHz with Gunung Ulu Kali 100.9MHz, but it will be interfered by My FM 100.6MHz from Gunung Telapak Burok.

In conclusion, FM 104.4MHz is the best frequency to be used by commercial radio for Central Pahang, perhaps 300kHz with Gunung Ulu Kali. If THR Gegar use 104.4MHz with at least 2kW (best is 3.5kW) in Bukit Senggora, I think it may be effective to cover Temerloh until Lanchang due to there is no interference with any station from Gunung Telapak Burok.

My suggestion Astro Radio expansion in another town of Sarawak

Early of 2010's, Astro Radio had expanded its coverage in Miri, Sarawak with My FM, Hitz FM, Sinar FM, Mix FM and Era FM, then after Melody FM launched in 2012, Mix FM Miri frequency slot was taken over by Melody FM.

Currently, Astro radio stations already broadcast in Kuching and Miri of Sarawak (except Lite FM and Mix FM in Miri).

In my opinion, Astro can launch its radio stations in Sarawak's 3rd largest city, known as Sibu.

There is no coverage of Astro radio stations in Sibu yet.

Astro can launch My FM, Hitz FM, Lite FM, Sinar FM, Melody FM and Era FM in Sibu. With this suggestion, Astro can gain more listeners in Sarawak and "drag" listeners from other radio stations.

About the transmission site of Sibu, Bukit Lima is the suitable site. I had studied about Bukit Singgalang, but the site does not give better coverage in Sibu. Bukit Singgalang covers Setapong Sarawak, a rural area of Sibu Divison. Bukit Lima has higher commercial value than Bukit Singgalang as many people in Sibu town listen to the radio. Bukit Lima is located in Sibu town.